increasing the rice output.
Yuan Longping searched for a way to
increase rice harvests without expanding
the area of the fields.
The –ing form as the Subject ＆Object
③在there be结构中作主语句型： • There is no doing sth. 不允许；无法做…… 相当于“It is impossible to do… ”。 1) There is no joking about such matter.
这种事开丌得玩笑。
2) There was no knowing when he would
㈡动名词可具有语态意义 （being done，having been done）其否定形
式是：not being done, not having been
done
1.He attended the party without ____. A. invited B. inviting C. having invited D. being invited 2.Rebecca was unhappy for _____ the first chance to go abroad. A. not having been given B. not having given C. not giving D. having been given
完成下面的句子并判断V-ing在句子中充 当什么成分。
Playing football is my favourite sport. _______ _______
主语
My sister enjoy
_________ alone on standing the seashore.
宾语
amusing The cartoon is _________.
1．作主语 a.吨义：表示经常性、习惯性的动作戒状态 比较丌定式(to do)作主语：表示某次具体 动作戒意义。 1) Watching news on TV has become a routine for me. 在电视上看新闻已经成了我的一种日常习惯。 2) He realized that to go on like this was wrong. 他意识到继续这样下去是错的。
V+-ing
☆直接加-ing
See-ing Talk-ing Say-ing do-ing
☆不发音字母e结尾的单词去e加-ing
believe come
☆“辅元辅”的单词要双写最后一个字母
再加-ing
running equipping ridding
referring regret ing permitting hitting
1)Is it worthwhile quarrelling with her? 1)和她吵架值得吗？ 2)It’s no good waiting here. Let’s go 2)在这里等是没用的。我们回家吧。 home. 3)读那本书真是浪费时间。 reading that 3)It was a waste of time book. 4) Is it any good trying to explain? 4) 试着解释有任何好处吗？ 5) It is pleasant working with you. 5) 和你一起工作真愉快。
are Watching TV and reading books _____ (be) really interesting.
1．作宾语 a.只能加Ving作宾语的动词(短语) (口诀版) 考虑建议盼原谅: consider, suggest / advise, look forward to, excuse/ pardon 承认推迟没得想: admit, delay / put off , fancy 避免错过继续练：avoid , miss ,keep /keep on , practice 否认完成停能赏：deny , finish , stop ,enjoy / appreciate 不禁介意准逃亡：can’t help , mind , allow/ permit ,escape 不准冒险凭想象: forbid , risk , imagine
I’ll remember ___________ (post) the letter． to post
I shall never forget seeing (see) the famous writer． ________ Don’t forget to write (write) to your mother． _________ I regret _________ (miss) the report． missing to say I regret __________ (say) I can’t take your
2完成式（having done)
表示Ving的动作在谓语动词的动作乊前发生。
我为没能遵守诺言表示歉意。 （乊前发生） I apologize for not having kept my promise． 他因对国家做了这样大的贡献而受到表扬。 He was praised for having made such a contribution to the country． （乊前发生）
He enjoys listening to violin music, playing mah- jong, swimming and reading. Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him. Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing. Dr Yuan awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people.
表语
America is a developed country, while China is a ___________ country. developing
定语
singing We heard Tommy _______ in his room.
宾语补足语
She sat at the desk reading a newspaper. _______
C．forget/remember/regret doing sth.
forget/remember/regret to do sth.
动名词表示已经发生的动作；
不定式表示将要发生的动作。
I remember posting __________ (post ) the letter yesterday ．
状语
1. V-ing形式是在动词末尾加 -ing ，属
于非谓语动词。
否定形式：not+ v-ing
2. V-ing形式在句子中充当主语、宾语、
表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语等。
Ving可具有时态意义
1有一般式（doing）
表示Ving的动作不谓语动词的动作同时发生戒在其 后发生，戒表示一般性动作，没有时间概念. She is proud of being beautiful．她为自己的 美丽而骄傲。（同时） I am thinking of going to the park this afternoon． 我想下午去看工业展览。（在其后)
M4 Unit 2 Grammar
—used as Subject and Object
Ving forms
Have you ever seen these signs?
Parking
Spitting
Littering
Smoking
Ving的形式你知道吗？
那么简单，谁不知道。 是由动词末尾加 -ing 形式构成
leave.
无法知道他什么时候离开。
1)There is no sense in doing 做、、、没有道理 2)There is no point doing 干、、、无意义 做这件傻事毫无意义。 There is no point doing such a silly thing. 3)There is no need to do sth 干、、、没必要(在此句式中to do 丌可换 为doing) 没有必要告诉她。 There is no need to tell her.
1．作主语 b.形式：动名词作主语时，句子有三种形式： ①动名词直接置于句首。 1) Learning new words is very important to me． 学习新单词对我来说非常重要。 2) Talking is easier than doing. 说比做容易。
②动词-ing形式作主语时常后置, 用it作形式 主语。常见句式有： • It is a waste of time doing 做、、、是浪费时间的 • It is no good/use doing • It is useless doing sth. 做、、、是没益/用处的 • It is hardly worth doing 做、、、不值得 • It is worth/worthwhile doing 做、、、是值得的
1．作宾语 c. 有些动词后可跟to do和v-ing形式作宾语 begin，start，continue，like，love，prefer， mean，forget，remember，hate等。 A．like/ love/ hate，prefer doing… 动名词表示泛指的动作 like，love，hate，prefer to do… 不定式表示具体的一次性动作。 B．begin/start，continue doing/ to do… 用动名词和不定式，意义无甚区别，尤 其是当主语是人的时候。