Preview1 Courtesy 英['kɜːtɪsɪ] 美['kɝtəsi]1. a courteous or respectful or considerate act2. a courteous or respectful or considerate remark3. a courteous mannern. 礼貌；好意；恩惠adj. 殷勤的；被承认的；出于礼节的2 honorific 英[ɒnə'rɪfɪk] 美['ɑnə'rɪfɪk]n. an expression of respectadj. conferring or showing honor or respectAdj . 1. 表示尊敬的；给予荣誉的2. (对长者)尊称的，敬语的[亦作honorifical]n. 尊称，敬语3 decadence 英['dekəd(ə)ns] 美['dɛkədəns]n. the state of being degenerate in mental or moral qualitiesn. 1. (文学、艺术、道德等方面的)衰落；堕落；颓废；衰退；腐朽2. (19世纪)文学艺术衰落(或颓废)期3. 颓废派艺术风格P1---P34 burgeoning['bə:dʒəniŋ]adj. 增长迅速的；生机勃勃的v. 成长（burgeon的ing形式）；迅速发展burgeon ['bə:dʒən]vi. 1. 迅速成长，迅速发展，扩展，增长，发展繁荣，兴旺：2. 发芽，萌芽，抽芽，抽枝，抽条，长出蓓蕾(通常与out或forth连用)：vt. 发(芽)，生出蓓蕾；抽(枝)n. 新芽，嫩芽；蓓蕾；嫩枝[亦作bourgeon]5 mill1 [mil]n. 1. 磨坊，磨粉厂, 磨，碾磨机，粉碎机, 榨汁机2. 机床，钱币压印机，(钱币的)压印花边机，滚扎机3. 制造厂4. (宝石的)磨光机，抛光机5. 缓慢繁琐的程序；机械的例行公事vt. 1. 碾磨；磨成粉，磨细；碾碎：to mill grain碾碎谷物n. 1. a plant consisting of one or more buildings with facilities formanufacturing2. machinery that processes materials by grinding or crushing3. the act of grinding to a powder or dustv. 1. move about in a confused manner 2. grind with a mill6 B.A Bachelor of Arts 文(科)学士7 MA Master of Arts文学硕士8 PhD Philosophiae Doctor [拉丁语]哲学博士(= Doctor of Philosophy)9 nonetheless [,nʌnðə'les]adv. =nevertheless 尽管如此，但是conj. 尽管如此，但是10 maestro1 ['maistrəu; mɑ:'estrəu]n. an artist of consummate skill1. 名作曲家；名指挥家，音乐教2. (艺术的)名师，能手，艺术大师变形: n. maestros maestri11 magnifico [mæɡ'nifikəu]n. 1. 古威尼斯贵族 2. 高官，权贵，显要人物变形:n. magnificoes magnificos12 rococo [rəu'kəukəu; ,rəukə'kəu]n. 洛可可式建筑风格(18世纪在法国流行的一种建筑风格，特点是纤巧、浮华). 洛可可式文体；洛可可式艺术风格adj.1. 洛可可式的2. 过分修饰的；华丽艳俗的 3. 过时的，旧式的13 pastry ['peistri] 油酥点心；面粉糕饼14 gilded ['ɡildid]adj. 1. having the deep slightly brownish color of gold2. based on pretense; deceptively pleasing3. rich and superior in qualityadj. 镀金的，装饰的；富有的v. 给…镀金（gild的过去分词）15 La Scala (意大利米兰市)卡斯卡拉歌剧院16 Milan Corriere Della Sera米兰晚邮报17 Prone [prəun] adj. 俯卧的；有…倾向的，易于…的18 predilection [,pri:di'lekʃən] n.偏爱，偏好(for)，嗜好19 prosthetic [prɔs'θetik] adj. 1. 【语法学、韵律学】词首添音(或音节、音素)的、20 surge [sə:dʒ] . a sudden or abrupt strong increase猛增；急剧上升21 academe[,ækə'di:m]the academic world n. 研究院；学院；学会（等于academy）四五段explicitly[ɪk'splɪsɪtli]in an explicit manner adv. 明确地；明白地occupational [,ɑkju'peʃənl]of or relating to the activity or business for which you are trainedadj. 职业的；占领的hazard['hæzəd]1 n . a source of danger; a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune2v.. take a risk in the hope of a favorable outcomevt. 赌运气；冒…的危险，使遭受危险n. 危险，冒险；冒险的事autocrat['ɔːtəkræt]a cruel and oppressive dictatorn. 独裁者，专制君主；独断独行的人parody ['pærədɪ]n. 拙劣的模仿；诙谐的改编诗文vt. 拙劣模仿explicit英[ɪk'splɪsɪt; ek-]precisely and clearly expressed or readily observable; leaving nothing to implication adj. 明确的；清楚的；直率的；详述的honorific英[ɒnə'rɪfɪk]n. an expression of respect.Adj. conferring or showing honor or respectadj. 尊敬的；敬称的n. 敬语nobility英[nə(ʊ)'bɪlɪtɪ]1. a privileged class holding hereditary titlesn. 贵族；高贵；高尚grant英[grɑːnt]1. any monetary aid2. the act of providing a subsidy3. (law) a transfer of property by deed of conveyancevt. 授予；允许；承认vi. 同意n. 拨款；[法] 授予物courtesy美['kɝtəsi]. a courteous or respectful or considerate actn. 礼貌；好意；恩惠adj. 殷勤的；被承认的；出于礼节的sorceress美['sɔrsərəs] n. 女巫；女术士；女魔法师bland [blænd]adj. 乏味的；温和的；冷漠的vt. 使…变得淡而无味；除掉…的特性vi. 变得平淡无奇；丧失特性curator[kjuə'reitə]n. 馆长；监护人；管理者第六段Inflation n. 膨胀；通膨胀；夸张；自命不凡A general and progressive increase in pricesHonorific [ɒnə'rɪfɪk adj. 尊敬的；敬称的n. 敬语An expression of respectfull-fledged ['ful'fledʒd] adj. 羽毛生齐的；有充分资格的；发育完全的1. (of a bird) having reached full development with fully grownadult plumage; ready to fly2. (of persons e.g.) having gained full statusDeputy ['depjʊtɪ] n. 代理人，代表adj. 副的；代理的An assistant with power to act when his superior is absentVice n. 恶习；缺点；[机] 老虎钳；卖淫prep. 代替vt. 钳住adj. 副的；代替的1. Moral weakness2. A specific form of evildoingSynonym 'sɪnənɪm n. 同义词；同义字Two words that can be interchanged in a context are said to be synonymousrelative to that contextConnote [kə'nəʊt vt. 意味着；含言外之意1. Express or state indirectly2. involve as a necessary condition of consequence; as in logic、Ratio ['reɪʃɪəʊn. 比率，比例The relative magnitudes of two quantities (usually expressed as aquotient第七段naming right ：the right of naming 冠名权vainglorious：too proud of your own abilities 虚荣心强的；非常自负的arena:a building with a large flat central area surrouded by seats, where sports or entertainments take place竞技场transit system: 运输系统monument：a very old building or place that is important historically历史遗迹；不朽的作品airborne ：moved or conveyed by or through air航] 空运的；空气传播的；风媒的Oregon State university:俄勒冈州立大学brewing company：酿酒公司fermentation science：发酵科学rubbermaid home products:乐柏美家居用品Ohio State：俄亥俄州Exxon Corporation：埃克森公司；埃克森石油公司；八九段1 close-knit ['kləus'nit] adj held together as by social or cultural ties adj. 紧密的；严谨的；紧密结合着的2 homespun ['həʊmspʌn] adj 1. of textiles; having a rough surface. 2. characteristic of country life adj. 朴素的，简朴的；手织的3 plainspoken ['plen'spokən] 1. using simple and direct language. 2. characterized by directness in manner or speech; without subtlety or evasion adj. 老实说的；直言不讳的；说话直率的4 token ['tokən] 1. something of sentimental value n. 表征；代币；记号5 appetite ['æpɪtaɪt] a feeling of craving something n. 食欲；嗜好6 decadence ['dɛkədəns] n.the state of being degenerate in mental or moral qualities n. 堕落，颓废；衰落7 regime [rei'ʒi:m, ri-, ri'dʒi:m] n.1. the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit2. (medicine) a systematic plan for therapy (often including diet) n. 政权，政体；社会制度；管理体制8 array [ə'rei] n.1. an orderly arrangement n. 数组，阵列；排列，列阵；大批，一系列；衣服9 guillotine ['ɡiləti:n] n.a closure imposed on the debate of specific sections of a billb instrument of execution that consists of a weighted blade between two vertical poles; used for beheading people n. 断头台；切纸机；截止辩论以付表决法10 nobility [nəu'biləti] n.a. a privileged class holding hereditary titlesb. the quality of elevation of mind and exaltation of character or ideals or conductc. the state of being of noble birth n. 贵族；高贵；高尚11 surname ['sə:neim] n. the name used to identify the members of a family (as distinguishedfrom each member's given name) n. 姓，姓氏；绰号，别名12 lofty ['lɔfti, 'lɔ:f-] adj.. of high moral or intellectual value; elevated in nature or style adj. 高的；崇高的；高级的；高傲的13 astonishment [ə'stɔniʃmənt] n.the feeling that accompanies something extremely surprising n. 惊讶；令人惊讶的事物14 barbarian [bɑ:'bεəriən] adj.without civilizing influences adj. 野蛮的；未开化的n. 野蛮人第十段1.correspondence [,kɔ:ris'pɔndəns] n. 通信；一致；相当n.communication by the exchange of letters2.équivalent [ekivalɑ，ɑ:t]a.] 相等的，相当的；等价的，等值的，等量的[m.] 相等物，等同物，相当物；等价物，等量物；同义语，对应词；当量3.bullion ['buljən] n. 金银；纯金；金银块n.1. a mass of precious metal2. gold or silver in bars or ingotsconsumer price index消费者价格指数4.monitor ['mɔnitə] n. 监视器；监听器；监控器；班长vt. 监控display produced by a device that takes signals and displays them on a television screen or a computer monitor5.inflation [ɛf la(ɑ)sjɔ] [f.] 通货膨胀；激增，飞涨6.calculate ['kælkjʊleɪt] vt. 计算；预测；认为；打算vi. 计算；以为；作打7.miscellaneous [,misi'leinjəs, 'misə'leiniəs] adj. 混杂的，各种各样的；多方面的，多才多艺的adj.constituting a grab-bag categorythe usual collection of miscellaneous expenses8.funeral ['fju:nərəl] n. 葬礼；麻烦事adj. 丧葬的，出殡的a ceremony at which a dead person is buried or cremated9.honorific [,ɔnə'rifik] adj. 尊敬的；敬称的n. 敬语an expression of respectadj.conferring or showing honor or respect10.calculation [,kælkju:leiʃən]n. n. 计算；估计；计算的结果；深思熟虑the procedure of calculating; determining something by mathematical or logical methods 11.percentage [pə'sentidʒ] n. 百分比；百分率，百分数n.1. a proportion multiplied by 1002. assets belonging to or due to or contributed by an individual person or group12.corporate ['kɔ:pərit]adj. adj. 法人的；共同的，全体的；社团的1.belonging to a corporation2. possessing or existing in bodily form3. done by or characteristic of individuals acting together4. organized and maintained as a legal corporation13.cadre [kɑ:(a)dr]m.] 框，框架；车架；集装箱；范围，环境；(电影的)画面，镜头；〈文〉布局；结构，背景；干部；工作人员名册；军队编制表；环形天线14.vice [vis] m.] 缺陷，缺点，毛病；恶习；罪恶，坏事；腐化，堕落，放荡；怪癖；调皮捣蛋；恶棍，坏人15.endowed [[in'dau]] v. 赋予；捐赠adj.provided or supplied or equipped with (especially as by inheritance or nature)16.épithète [epitɛt]] 修饰语，形容语；定语；称号，外号[a.] 定语的17.dictator [dik'teitə, 'dikteitə] 独裁者；命令者n.. a speaker who dictates to a secretary or a recording machine十一十二段dis·ci·pline /dɪsɪplɪn/ ( disciplines, disciplining, disciplined ) CET4N-UNCOUNT Discipline is the practice of making people obey rules or standards of behavior, and punishing them when they do not. 纪律2. N-UNCOUNT Discipline is the quality of being able to behave and work in acontrolled way which involves obeying particular rules or standards. 自律3. N-VAR If you refer to an activity or situation as a discipline, you mean that, inorder to be successful in it, you need to behave in a strictly controlled way andobey particular rules or standards. 训练; 磨练V-T If someone is disciplined for something that they have done wrong, they are punished for it. 处罚V-T If you discipline yourself to do something, you train yourself to behave andwork in a strictly controlled and regular way. 训练N-COUNT A discipline is a particular area of study, especially a subject of study ina college or university. (尤指大学里的) 学科[FORMAL]cor·rec·tive /kərɛktɪv/ ( correctives )ADJ Corrective measures or techniques are intended to put right something thatis wrong. 纠正性的N-COUNT If something is a corrective to a particular view or account, it givesa more accurate or fairer picture than there would have been without it. 匡正[FORMAL]rou·tine /rutin/ ( routines ) CET4N-VAR A routine is the usual series of things that you do at a particular time. A routine is also the practice of regularly doing things in a fixed order. 惯例; 常规2. ADJ You use routine to describe activities that are done as a normal part of ajob or process 常规的ADJ A routine situation, action, or event is one which seems completely ordinary, rather than interesting, exciting, or different. 平淡的[表不满]N-VAR You use routine to refer to a way of life that is uninteresting and ordinary,or hardly ever changes. 平淡乏味[表不满]N-COUNT A routine is a computer program, or part of a program, that performs a specific function. 程序[COMPUTING]N-COUNT A routine is a short sequence of jokes, remarks, actions, or movements that forms part of a longer performance. (一) 套in·stance /ɪnstəns/ ( instances ) CET41. PHRASE You use for instance to introduce a particular event, situation, or person that is an example of what you are talking about. 例如2. N-COUNT An instance is a particular example or occurrence of something. 例子3. PHRASE You say in the first instance to mention something that is the first step in a series of actions. 首先[INFORMAL]ad·just /ədʒʌst/ ( adjusts, adjusting, adjusted ) CET4V-T/V-I When you adjust to a new situation, you get used to it by changing your behavior or your ideas. 调整以适应V-T If you adjust something, you change it so that it is more effective or appropriate. 调整2. V-T If you adjust something such as your clothing or a machine, you correct or alter its position or setting. 调节3.V-T/V-I If you adjust your vision or if your vision adjusts, the muscles of your eye or the pupils alter to cope with changes in light or distance. 适应equiva·lent /ɪkwɪvələnt/ ( equivalents ) CET4N-SING If one amount or value is the equivalent of another, they are the same. 等量物; 等价物ADJ Equivalent is also an adjective. 等量的; 等值的N-COUNT The equivalent of someone or something is a person or thing that hasthe same function in a different place, time, or system. 等效对象ADJ Equivalent is also an adjective. 等效的3. N-SING You can use equivalent to emphasize the great or severe effect of something. 等效对象[强调]mislead /mɪslid/ ( misleads, misleading, misled ) CET4V-T If you say that someone or something has misled you, you mean that they have made you believe something that is not true, either by telling you a lie or by giving you a wrong idea or impression. 误导in·fla·tion /ɪnfleɪʃən/ CET4N-UNCOUNT Inflation is a general increase in the prices of goods and services in a country. 通货膨胀[BUSINESS]lodestar ['ləudstɑ:] n.指路之星，指示方向的星(尤指北极星)目标；指导原则[亦作loadstar ]sig·nifi·cant /sɪgnɪfɪkənt/ CET4ADJ A significant amount or effect is large enough to be important or affect a situation to a noticeable degree. 重大的; 显著的sig·nifi·cant·ly ADV 重大地; 显著地ADJ A significant fact, event, or thing is one that is important or shows something. 重要的; 说明问题的sig·nifi·cant·ly ADV 重要地; 说明问题地moni·tor /mɒnɪtər/ ( monitors, monitoring, monitored ) CET4V-T If you monitor something, you regularly check its development or progress, and sometimes comment on it. 监控V-T If someone monitors radio broadcasts from other countries, they record them or listen carefully to them in order to obtain information. 监听N-COUNT A monitor is a machine that is used to check or record things, for example processes or substances inside a person's body. 监控器N-COUNT A monitor is a screen which is used to display certain kinds of information, for example on a computer, in airports, or in television studios. 显示屏N-COUNT You can refer to a person who checks that something is done correctly, or that it is fair, as a monitor. 监督员lodge /lɒdʒ/ ( lodges, lodging, lodged ) CET4N-COUNT A lodge is a house or hotel in the country or in the mountains where people stay on vacation, especially when they want to hunt or fish. (乡野中的度假) 屋舍; 旅馆N-COUNT A lodge is a small house at the entrance to the grounds of a large house. 门房V-T If you lodge a complaint, protest, accusation, or claim, you officially make it. 正式提出(投诉、抗议、指控、要求)V-T/V-I If you lodge somewhere, such as in someone else's house or if you are lodged there, you live there, usually paying rent. 借住; 租住V-I If an object lodges somewhere, it becomes stuck there. 卡住avail·able /əveɪləbəl/ CET4ADJ If something you want or need is available, you can find it or obtain it. 可获得的avail·abil·ity N-UNCOUNT 可获得性ADJ Someone who is available is not busy and is therefore free to talk to you or to do a particular task. 有空的[v-link ADJ]quali·fied /kwɒlɪfaɪd/ADJ Someone who is qualified has a certificate, license, diploma or degree in order to work in a particular profession. 有资格的; 有文凭的ADJ If you give someone or something qualified support or approval, your support or approval is not total because you have some doubts. 有限度的; 有保留的[ADJ n]PHRASE If you describe something as a qualified success, you mean that it is only partly successful. 局部成功。