高中英语阅读专项讲解▼要求能力1、理解语篇主旨大意2、理解文章具体信息3、根据上下文推断生词的词义4、作出简单判断和推理5、理解文章的基本结构6、理解作者的观点、意图和态度▼题型动态1、主旨大意题2、细节理解题3、词义判断题4、推断题5、观点态度题●▓主旨大意题文章主旨给出的四种形式:文首,文中,文尾,没有明确主旨,需总结.虽然作者表达主题思想的方式不同，但命题常用的提问方式有以下几种：★文章主旨通常会出现在文首,文中或文尾，因此寻找主题句或主题段往往是做好此类题的关键。
但当文中没有直接出现主题句，应对文章意思全面理解后归纳概括主旨，但不能太笼统即不切主题,言过其实或以偏概全。
【练一练】If you were planning to buy a television set, the following advertisement would certainly attract your attention: "Color TV, only $79. Two-day sale. Hurry." However, when you go to the store ready to buy, you may discover that the advertised sets are sold out. But thesalesman is quick to reassure you that he has another model, a more reliable set which is "just right for you." It costs $359. This sales tactic is called "bait and switch." Buyers are baited with a sales offer, and then they are switched to another more costly item. Buying items on sale requires careful consideration of the merchandise（商品）and the reasons for the sale.►Which sentence best expresses the main idea?A) The customer must be on his guard when purchasing items on sale.B) Color television sets which sell for $79 are sold out quickly.C) Many stores use the "bait and switch" technique to attract customers.D) Anyone planning to buy a television set should look for a sale.【练一练】After completing his college studies, Larry Bird began playing professional basketball for the Huston Celtics. He remained with the Celtics for all his professional career. During those 13 years, Larry Bird was named the Most Valuable Player of the year three times. He scored more than 21,000 points, and he played in 13 of the highest scoring games in his team’s history. Once he scored 60 point s in just one game.►The main idea of the second paragraph is that Larry Bird_____.A. was the named the Most Valuable Player of the YearB. was strong and tallC. was good at shooting basketsD. was the oldest player of the team●▓细节理解题这类题目是针对文章的具体事实和细节而出,因此通常能在文章中直接或间接地找到答案.此类要求查找重要事实和细节的试题通常以下列形式提出：★【练一练】(07年高考北京卷）Lying in the sun on a rock, the cougar(美洲狮) saw Jeb and his son, Tom, before they saw it. Jeb put his bag down quickly and pulled his jacket open with both hands, making himself look big to the cougar.It worked.The cougar hesitated, ready to attackk Jeb, but ready to forget the whole thing, too.►Why did Jeb pull his jacket open when he saw the cougar?A. To get ready to fight.B. To frighten it away.C. To protect the boy.D. To cool down.【练一练】（07高考天津卷) The city of Rome has passed a new law to prevent cruelty to animals. All goldfish bowls are no longer allowed and dog owners must walk their dogs.This comes after a national law was passed to give prison sentences to people who desert cats or dogs.“The civilization of a city can be measured by this.”said Monica carina, the councilor(议员）behind the new law.►People in Rome believe that the civilization of a city can be judged by its____.A. exchanges with other citiesB. protection for ancient ruinsC.awareness of animal protectionD. recognition of animal lover●▓词义／语义判断题这类考题常见的提问方式有以下几种：★★做题要领做此类题时，应在文中找线索或信息词。
根据上下文判断新词汇在特定句中确切意思根据周围熟悉的词及语义判断新单词之意，有时还需依靠构词法。
【练一练】(07年高考全国卷）Born in Chicago in 1902, brought up and schooled in Nebraska. the19-year-old college graduate Ralph Tyler became hooked on teaching while teaching asa science teacher in South Dakota and changed his major from medicine to education.►The words‘‘hooked on teaching” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean____.A. attracted to teachingB. tired of teachingC.satisfied with teachingD. unhappy about teaching【练一练】Most women in Ghana —— the educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and old work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives andmothers. Their reputation for economic independence, self-reliance, and hard work iswell known and well deserved(值得的).►Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “illiterate”?A. repeatB. reiteratedC. uneducatedD. sick●▓推断题以原文内容为前提,透过现象看本质即透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思。
根据作者的观点理论客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。
推断题的常见形式：It can be inferred / concluded from the text that____.★From the text we know that ______.The passage implies that ______.The paragraph following the passage will most probably discusses______.解推断题的方法：解推断题最主要的方法是根据语义关系推断具体细节。
【练一练】One day a man walked into a pet shop and said to the shop assistant，“I need two small mice and about five dozen roaches (蟑螂) and two spiders.”“What do you need these things for?”the shop assistant was very surprised.“Well,”replied the man,“I’m moving out of my apartment and the landlord insists that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found it.”►The passage suggests that when the writer moved into the house, it was ______.A. very cleanB. just cleaned by the landlordC. tidy and comfortableD. dirty and full of insect【练一练】(07高考全国卷）Anyone who cares about what schools and colleges teach and how their students learn will be interested in the memoir(回忆录) of Ralph W. Tyler, who is one of the most famous men in American education.►Who are most probably interested in Ralph W. Tyler’s memoir?A.Top managerB. Language learnersC.Serious educatorD. Science organizations●▓观点态度题回答这类问题应从篇章的体裁入手.一般来说,在说明文中作者的态度是客观的或中立的;在议论文中,作者的态度才会显得多种多样. 可以根据阐述主题或有关主题的相关语句或词语确定作者的态度。