• 1. time language (chronemics): punctuality, promptness, time orientation, what is early or late, long or short, etc.
• 2. space language (proxemics): body distance and body touch
hour, at the appointed timபைடு நூலகம்,
at the stated time, in time, in
• M-Time cultures gpooldatcimee, tgimreely,awtelle-timmedp, hasis on
schedules.
perfect timing.
Time Language (Chronemics)
• Hall elaborated on two time systems: Monochronic Time (M-Time) and Polychronic Time (P-Time).
• Northern American, Western and Northern European cultures are typical M-Time cultures.
Polychronic Time
• P-Time practiced by most other peoples is less rigid and clock-bound.
• People from P-Time cultures schedule several activities at the same time, and the time for them is more flexible and more human-centered.
• Research suggests that 93% of the message was transmitted by voice tone and facial expressions, whereas only 7% was transmitted by words. (Mehrabian A. & wiener M., 1967)
Nonverbal communication, its study areas
• Nonverbal communication covers four areas: time language (chronemics), space language (proxemics), body language (kinesics), and paralanguage (voice modulation).
Teaching Objectives
• Definition • Classification • Function • Content
Definition
• Nonverbal communication refers to transmission or messages by a medium other than speech or writing.
• 3. body language (kinesics): posture (the way the body is held), stance (the way of standing), gesture, facial expression, eye behavior, appearance (including clothing, cosmetics, hair style and smell), etc.
Nonverbal communication, its study
areas
• Each of these broad areas include over 20 topics. Below are some of the common topics most communication theorists address:
• Two striking features of M-Time are punctuality and promptness.
• M-Time is characterized by cutting time into bits and scheduling one thing at a time.
Monochronic people
Do one thing at a time. Concentrate on the job.
Take time commitments seriously.
Polychronic people
Do many things at once.
Are easily distracted and subject to interruptions.
Nonverbal Communication
It’s not what he said, but the way he said it. English Saying
There is language in her eyes, her cheeks, her lips. William Shakespeare
• 4. paralanguage (voice modulation): speed, volume, pause, silence, etc.
• Repeating
Functions
• Complementing
• Substituting
• Regulating
• Contradicting
• Latin American, African, Arab and most Asian cultures are P-Time cultures.
Monochronic Time (M-Time) punctual, on schedule, on time, to the minute, on the