云南大学滇池学院2011至2012学年下学期2010级《大学英语(四)》期末考试（闭卷）试卷Ａ卷满分：100分考试时间：120分钟任课教师:__________年级：＿＿＿＿专业：＿＿＿＿＿学号：＿＿＿＿姓名：＿＿＿＿[答案一律做在答题纸对应的题号上。
]（注：听力理解题的录音将在考试结束前30分钟播放）I. Reading Comprehension (30 points)Section One: Fast Reading (10 points)Directions: In this section, there is one passage followed by ten TRUE or F ALSE questions. You must read the passage quickly and decide whether the following statements are true or false. If it is true,mark A on the Answer Sheet (1) correspondingly. If false, mark B on the Answer Sheet (1)correspondingly with a single line through the center. (答案做在答题纸(1)对应的题号上。
如果statements是TRUE, 划A; 如果statements是FALSE, 划B。
) Cloning is a radical challenge to the most fundamental laws of biology; so many people are concerned that it might be a preface to activities that will threaten human society and dignity.Conservative spiritual leaders have claimed that cloning a human constitutes a gross attack on human dignity. That would surely be true if a cloned individual were treated as a lesser being, with fewer rights or lower status. But why suppose that the laws that protect our rights and dignity would not be applicable to cloned person?Many of the vivid warnings of science fiction concerning the prospect of human cloning turn out, upon reflection, to be wildly improbable. There’s the fear, for instance, that parents might clone a child for the sake of having “surplus parts” in case the original child needs an organ transplant. But parents of identical twins don’t view one child as an organ farm for the other. Why should cloned children’s parents be any different?Another disturbing thought is that cloning will lead to efforts to breed individuals with genetic qualities perceived as desirable. Such ideas are offensive, not only because of an unthinking disgust, but also because of the horrors carried out by the Nazis in the name of improving their race. But there’s a vast difference between the breeding programs as practiced by some groups (where the urge to breed certain types of people leads to efforts to destroy other types) and the much more harmless forms already practiced in democratic societies (where, say, lawyers freely choose to have sexual relations with other lawyers). Banks stocked with the frozen sperm of ge niuses already exist, but they haven’t created a master race because few women are queuing up to get pregnant this way. Why should we think it would be different if human cloning becomes available?Even if human cloning offers no obvious benefits to mankind, why ban it? If it might go any further, it should---and no doubt will---take place only under careful examination and layers of legal administration. Most important, human cloning should be governed by thesame laws that now protect human rights. A world that is not safe for cloned humans would be a world that is not safe for the rest of us.1. The writer thinks that cloning is a big challenge to the laws.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.Section Two: Passage Reading (10 points)Directions: In this section, there are two passages followed by some questions or incomplete sentences.You must choose the best one from the four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Thenmark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet (1) with a single line through the center.(答案做在答题纸(1)对应的题号上。
)Passage 1A study issued by the University of Washington shows that a lack of academic achievement is closely linked to substance abuse, violence and illegal behavior in the students’ social environment. According t o the study, groups of middle and high school students with even moderate involvement with substance abuse, violence and illegal behavior have dramatically lower academic achievement than groups of students with little or no involvement in these behaviors. Factors such as poverty, community risk, absence of social skills, and a lack of commitment to school also contribute to lower academic performance among groups of students.The researcher said, “If we e xpect most students to achieve our state’s learning goals, we need prevention programs that target the social environment and that are extensive enough to reach all students in all schools. Our efforts should engage schools, parents and the community and focus on factors outside the classroom.” Dr. Sheri L.Hill, assistant director of the UW’s Washington Kids Court project, also said, “Intervention needs to start when students begin their first day of school and continue through high school.”The 2000 Washington State Survey of Adolescent Healthy Behaviors found that 20 to 40 percent of middle and high school students are involved with substance abuse, violence and illegal behavior. This means a significant proportion of children at age 10 and older are exposed to risky attitudes and behaviors in their everyday social environments.“We have to approach student learning from the perspective of the whole child,” said Terry Bergeson, state superintendent of public instruction. “We’ve known about the individual effects poverty, substance abuse and violence can hav e on young people. Today’s study takes that knowledge one step further by demonstrating their collective effect on the entire school community,” she added, “The way to influence student success includes strong schools, parental involvement and community participation. It must be a shared responsibility.”11. Lower academic achievement is closely linked to all of the following except ______.A. commitment to schoolB. absence of social skillsC. poverty and community riskD. violence and illegal behavior12.13.14.15.Passage 2When faced with death, we all react in different ways. Most people hope for a “good death”, however they may define it. There are many books which are available to help you approach death mindfully and plan for end-of-life care in a systematic way. If you are faced with making decisions about end-of-life care for yourself or someone you love, a good place to start is with the Handbook for Mortals, a caring and authoritative guide written by a team of experts in the field.It’s important for a person to express preferences about health care at the end of life. This can be done through the use of formal legal documents which grant a power of attorney for health care to someone you trust to make decisions for you should you become unable to do so yourself. These directives, which may be called living wills, must be tailored to your specific situation and location, as laws vary around the world. These directives may cover any issue you consider important. A very common concern centers around tube feeding and related issues including difficult decisions about withdrawing life-sustaining treatment.A very important decision is whether or not you wish to choose home or hospice care (临终关怀) as an alternative to a hospital setting. Whether at home or in a hospital, it’s important to demand top-quality palliative (缓和的) care. You can inform yourself about specific diseases by researching health care texts.Many faith traditions place emphasis on the importance of conscious preparation for death as a way of showing respect for and acceptance of life’s final adventure. Death is not the opposite of life—it is the opposite of birth.The decision to end one’s life when death is approaching anyway is sometimes called physician-assisted suicide (PAS), or voluntary euthanasia (安乐死); this is a special case of the more general topic of suicide. The “right to die” is the subject of controversial legal battles on an international scale.16. W hich of the following is true about the Handbook for Mortals?A. It gives people a clear definition of a “good death”.B. It helps people to make decisions about end-of-life care only for someone they love.C. It is a caring and authoritative story written by experts.D. It helps people plan for end-of-life care systematically.17.18.19.20.Section Three: Reading in Depth (10 points)Directions: In this section, there is a passage with 10 blanks. You are to fill in the blanks by selecting suitable words from the Word Bank given below. Each choice in the Word Bank is identifiedby a letter. You may not use any of the words more than once. Write down your selectedletters in the corresponding spaces on the Answer Sheet(2). (答案做在答题纸(2)对应的题号上。