with复合结构和独立主格真题再现1. The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog ____ them.A. to followB. followingC. followedD. follows2. The party will be held in the garden, weather .A. permittingB. to permitC. permittedD. permit3. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent ______at the end of last March.A. has been launchedB. having been launchedC. being launchedD. to be launched4. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work_____, he gladly accepted it.A. finishedB. finishingC. having finishedD. was finishing5. —Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.—Sorry. With so much work my mind, I almost break down.A. filledB. fillingC. to fillD. being filled6. ________two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.A. BesidesB. WithC. As forD. Because of7. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise ________.A. going onB. goes onC. went onD. to go on8. They started off late and got to the airport with minutes to _______.A．spare B．catch C．leave D．make答案与解析1. B。

with后接非谓语复合结构，pet dog和follow构成主谓关系，用following。

2. A。

此处主句的主语party 和weather不一致，所以weather保留，作permitting的逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。

另外，weather与permit之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。

句意：如果天气允许，聚会将在花园举行。

3. B。

此句前后句没连词，只有逗号是不能连接两个句子的，所以后边the most recent ______ at the end of last March就是独立主格的形式了，在句中做伴随状语。

4. A。

and连接前后两个并列句。

在后一个句子中，with结构为独立主格结构，对于finish 的逻辑主语his work来说，是“被完成”，而且不能用谓语结构，选用过去分词表示被动关系。

5. B。

在句子中，with结构为独立主格结构，对于fill的逻辑主语too much work来说，是主谓关系，而且不能用谓语结构，选用现在分词表示主动关系。

6. B。

从句子的结构看这里必须要填一个介词，而不能填连词，“as for” 意思是“至于、关于”；because of意思是“由于、因为”，其后不能跟复合结构，所以不能选择C和D。

在所给的选项中只有with才符合构成“ with + n. / pron. + to do ”结构。

句意是：由于担心这两门考试，本周末我得真的用功了。

7. A。

“with+宾语+现在分词”作宾语补足语,在句中作couldn’t do my homework的原因状语.而all that noise与go on在逻辑上是主谓关系，而且强调动作正在进行，所以用现在分词做宾语补足语。

8. A。

此题考查“with+宾语+不定式”作宾语补足语，在句中作结果状语。

而minutes与to spare 在逻辑上是主谓关系，而且强调动作没有完成，所以用不定式做宾语补足语。

知识讲解with复合结构with复合结构是由“with+复合宾语”组成，常在句中做状语，表示谓语动作发生的伴随情况、时间、原因、方式等。

其构成有下列几种情形：带介词的复合结构He was asleep with his head on his arms.The teacher came into the classroom with a book in his hand.We sat on the dry grass with our backs against the wall.带现在分词的复合结构I won’t be able to go on a holiday with my mother being ill.With winter coming on, it’s time to buy warm clothes. （As winter come s on, it’s time to buy warm clothes.）注意：with和as都译为“随着”，但是with为介词，后接分词结构；as为连词，后接从句。

Ann fell asleep with the light burning.With the price of gold going up, South Africa’s economy was good.常见的“with +复合宾语”结构主要有以下几种形式：1．With+名词+分词/分词短语在这种结构中，名词作with的宾语，分词充当宾语补足语。

判断用现在分词还是过去分词，应根据名词与分词之间的关系。

如果名词与分词之间是主动关系就用现在分词；若名词与分词之间是被动关系，则用过去分词。

With so many people communicating in English every day, it will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English.有那么多的人天天用英语交流，熟练掌握英语会变得越来越重要。

The thief was forced into the post station with his hands tied back.贼被双手捆绑着带进了派出所。

2．With+名词+不定式在这种结构中，名词作with的宾语，不定式充当宾语补足语，表示尚未发生的动作。

此结构中不定式与名词之间存在动宾关系，但不定式多用主动式。

With a lot of homework to do, I can’t play football with my friends.有这么多的作业要做，我不能跟朋友们踢足球。

With many things to deal with, I have to work day and night.有许多事要处理，我不得不夜以继日地工作。

3．With+名词+介词短语/形容词/副词With的复合结构除了可以在名词后面接非谓语动词外，还可以接介词短语、形容词或副词等。

Don’t stand with your hands in your pockets.站着的时候别把双手插在口袋里。

She saw a small river with green grass and red flowers on both sides.她看到一条小河，两岸长满了红花绿草。

She sleeps with the window open.她爱开着窗户睡觉。

Tian An Men Square looks even more beautiful with all lights on.所有的灯都亮着，天安门广场显得更加漂亮。

独立主格结构非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应该是句子的主语。

但有时非谓语动词带有自己的主语，从而在结构上与主语不发生关系，我们称之为独立主格结构。

其实，所谓“独立主格结构”也并非真正独立，它还是一种从属的结构。

在独立主格结构中，非谓语动词和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系。

独立主格结构主要表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，在许多情况下相当于一个状语从句或并列句。

1. 用作时间状语The work done (=After the work had been done), we went home. 工作完成后，我们就回家了。

2. 用作条件状语Weather permitting (=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。

3. 用作原因状语An important lecture to be given tomorrow (=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow), the professor has to stay up late into the night.因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。

4. 用作伴随状语He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head (=and his hands were crossed under his head). 他躺在草地上，两手交叉枕在脑后。

5. 表示补充说明A hunter came in, his face red with cold (=and his face was red with cold).一个猎人走了进来，他的脸冻得通红。

We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我们加倍努力，一个人干两个人的活。

注：独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语从句，一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。

不定式“独立主格结构”在“逻辑主语+动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。