一.翻译原则1.忠实原则,即信息对等而不是语意对等Eg.每年的两届交易会,把全国几乎所有的外贸公司和出口商品集中起来,统一到广州展出,成交,减少了我们到国外推销的支出,外商也可以只派少数人到会选购,不必花大人力到我各口岸寻找生意,节省了买卖双方的费用,深受国外经营各种商品的中小客商的欢迎.The biannual Guangzhou Fair is attended by almost all foreign trade companies in China and presents a great number of export commodities to buyers from abroad. Many transactions are concluded at the fair. As sellers and buyers can all gather in one place to conduct trade talks, the fair apparently saves them a great deal of time and money. This explains why the Guangzhou Fair has long been popular among overseas traders.2. 准确原则---选词准确,概念表达准确,数码单位准确.如: 保税区≠Free trade zone保税仓库≠Tarriff-free warehouseEg.客商从开发区企业分得的利润汇出境外时,免征所得税.Profits gained by the investors and businessmen from the Development Zone terprises will be exempted from tax when remitted out of China.Eg.如贵方能将尿素报价降至每吨1200美元,我们可以订购150至180吨.If you can reduce your price of Urea to 1,200 dollars per ton, we may consider placing an order of 150-180 tons.3.统一原则译名,概念,术语应始终保持统一,不能随意改变译名.如:基本建设≠basic construction基本价格≠basic price4.文化融入A.注意文化因素---了解中西方文化差异1)思维方式的不同中国文化重权威与历史,西方重现实与事实---偏实用.中国文化重整体,西方偏分析性思维2) 语言的不同中国语言重修饰,偏笼统与含糊,西方语言重具体和准确.谦辞在许多场合被采用,体现了中国文化背景下语用特征之一.Eg. 人们根据瀑布的声和形，予它诗一样的名字，诸如九龙潭，人字瀑，百丈瀑，鸣弦泉，三叠泉、铁线泉、钵盂泉等等。

（《黄山》，北京，中国旅游出版社）Poetic names are given to these waterfalls according to their sounds and shapes, such as Nine-Dragon Waterfall, 人-shaped Waterfall, Hundred-Zhang Waterfall, Singing String Spring, Three –section Waterfall, Iron-line Spring, Alms Bowl Spring.B.灵活采用归化Eg.它既保持了酱香浓郁、典雅细致、协调丰满、回味悠长等贵州茅台酒的独特风格.It possesses unique style and flavor and is extremely enjoyable liquor.Eg.由于时间仓促,作者水平有限,书中疏漏在所难免,欢迎广大读者批评指正.Any advice and criticism is warmly welcome about this bookC.以目标语的行文规则来衡量---得体性5.文体与翻译:不同的翻译文体采取不同的翻译风格.如广告与合同的翻译风格就不同.请看如下2个译例:1）我厂生产的地毯图案新颖、色调雅致、美丽大方、富丽堂皇.The carpets made in our factory are well-known for their novel design, elegant colors, beautiful looks and magnificence.2）如果一方未行事或延迟使其在本合同项下的某项权利,不构成该方对此项权利的放弃,如果该方已经行使或者部分行使某项权利,并不防碍其在将来再次行使此项权利.Either Party’s failure to exercise or delay in exercising any rig ht, power or priviledge under this contract shall not operate as a waiver thereof, and any single or partial exercise of any right, power or privilege shall not preclude the exercise of any other right, power or privilege二、翻译技巧1.词、术语的处理1）求其真实意—to find out the real meaning in the context2）求其内核意--- define its intra or core meaning3) 求其文化意义---to locate the meaning of the culture- laden word2. 句子的处理1)合译法(1)将两个或两个以上的句子合并为一个句子;或一个复合句或并列句等.例如: 由于业务繁忙,我们难以按原计划访问贵公司My tight schedule of business duties will not permit me to visit your company as planned虽然利率已经很高了,但它需要保持在比通货膨胀率高的水平上,这样做会使投资受到打击Interest rates, already high, need to stay higher than inflation, which will hurt investment(2)用并列连词 and , so, but, or 或从属连词 as, before, though 等将数句连成一句.使我们的服务尽可能完善是我们一贯的努力,任何错误不管多么微小,我们都能密切注意.It is our constant endeavor to make out service as nearly perfectly as possible, and no mistake is too small to receive our closest attention.(3)将其变为主从复合句Eg.中国是个大国, 80%的人口从事农业,但耕地只占土地面积的1/10,其余为山脉,森林,城镇和其他用地.China is a large country with four-fifths of the population engaged in agriculture, but also one tenth of the land is farmland, the rest being mountain, forest or put to urban and other uses.Eg.我们要加快经济结构的战略性调整,优化经济结构,坚持以市场为导向,依靠科技进步.We will accelerate strategic restructuring of economy and optimize the economic structure, which should be market oriented and rely on the scientific and technological advances.2) 分译法有的句子很长,需要将句子拆开成几个句子来翻译,它需补充成分.Eg.由于这种产品工艺先进,结构新颖,造型美观,款式多样,舒适大方,携带方便.The technological design of this product is advanced with novel structure, beautiful shape and various patterns. They are comfortable and convenient to carry.3. 翻译时要注意的事项:1)加主语, 找句子的成分, 顺译为佳.Eg.按照“产权清晰、权责明确、政企分开、管理科学”的要求，积极推行规范的公司制和股份制改革，完善法人治理结构，深化企业内部分配、人事、劳动制度改革，建立激励和约束机制.In line with the principles of “clearly established property right ownership, well defined rights and responsibilities, separation of enterprises from government and scientific management,” vigorous efforts were made to carry out reforms aimed at introducing the standard corporate system and the joint-stock system and improving corporate governance. We deepened the reform of enterprises’ internal systems for distribution and human resources and labor employment management and establish incentive and disciplinary mechanisms.Eg.我国有些大学研究所所开发的技术难以产生效益,甚至找不到市场.The technologies developed by some research institutions of our universities cannot effectively produce economic results, and even have little chances to enter the market.Eg.宜于实行股份制的国有大中型企业,要利用股票市场,抓紧进行股份制改革.Trans1: Large and medium-sized enterprises to which share-holding system is applicable should make use of the stock market and quickly carry out stocking system reformsTrans2: As for those large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises which have mature condition (have become ideal) for carrying out share-holding system, they should make use of the stock market to speed up the reforms in stocking systems.2) 根据语境来选择词并以译入语的正确性、得体性来检验译文。