当代医学英汉笔译与口译A Course of English-Chinese Translation&Interpretation for Medical Purpose1.导论医学汉英笔译教学1医学是发展中的科学12年前，在医学院开学典礼上院长对新生说：“我们在这里教给你们的东西有一半是错的”。
遗憾的是，当时新生难以理解相信这一点。
在解剖实验室、在演讲厅、在示教室，向他们展示的是人体怎么活着、怎么工作、怎么死亡的秘密。
这就像数学一样，有一种权威和肯定无疑的感觉。
但现在，当年的学生已成为主治医生和住院医生的带教老师，对院长的那句警句有了深切的理解。
确实，医学是而且历来是进展中的动态科学。
这必然意味着我们对医学的了解是在不断改变的；医学永远不断地在提出、同时又在推翻假设。
从远处看，医学像是一套完美的知识。
但在行医的地方靠近观察，可以清楚地发现我们的知识体在迅速成长、不断改变着。
医学上的进步就是这样取得的：一次一个答案。
Twelve years ago,during the medical school open-ceremony,the dean said to the freshmen:“Half of what we teach you here is wrong”.Regrettably,it was hard for freshmen to understand and believe at the time.In the anatomy lab,in the lecture hall and in the instruction room,they were being shown the secrets of how the body lives,how it works,how it dies.Like math,it has the feel of authority and certainty.But now,the then-students have become attending doctors and teachers of residents,who have a profound understanding of that dean's aphorism.Indeed,medicine is,and always has been,an evolving and dynamic science.And this necessarily means that what we know about medicine is constantly changing;that medicine is forever putting forth,and simultaneously upending,assumptions.From a distance,medicine looks like a complete and beautiful body of knowledge.But here, up close,where medicine is practiced,it's clear that our body of knowledge is growing rapidly, changing constantly.It's the way progress is made in medicine,one answer at a time.医学汉英笔译教学2希波克拉底誓言对当代医生的意义希波克拉底誓言写于约公元前400年,作为医学价值观的一种表述，在西方医学职业经历数百年变化中延续了下来。
希波克拉底誓言对21世纪的医生有何意义呢？希波克拉底誓言对当代医生来说，可能更多在于它所代表的意义，而不在于它所说的内容。
从一开始，希波克拉底誓言起的作用是把医生确立为道德群体，并勾画出医学职业特有的义务和责任。
尽管经历了数百年，它的内容有了变化，但希波克拉底誓言的根本作用是要求医学职业首先把自己看成是在从事一项道德事业。
在希波克拉底誓言的指导下，当代医生不仅对当代行医特有的内容作出承诺，而且对这个理想，即医学在其最根本的层面上是一项道德事业，作出承诺。
The Oath of Hippocrates was written around400B.C.and has endured as an expression of medical values throughout centuries of change in the western medical profession.What meaning does the Oath of Hippocrates have for the21st century physicians?The meaning of the Oath of Hippocrates for contemporary physicians may exist less in what it says than in what it stands for.From the onset,the Oath of Hippocrates functioned to establish physicians as moral community and delineate obligations and responsibilities specific to the medical profession.Despite changes in the content throughout the centuries,the fundamental role of the Oath of Hippocrates is to demand that the medical profession,first and foremost,view itself as engaged in a moral enterprise.Under the guidance of the Oath of Hippocrates,modern physicians commit themselves not only to the content specific to their contemporary practice,but also to the ideal that medicine is, at its most fundamental level,a moral enterprise.2.翻译所涉及的一些问题医学汉英笔译教学3曾经的医药代表多年前，一种被称为“医药代表”的职业悄然兴起，其职责是向临床医生讲解药品的功效和使用方法。
可是到了20世纪90年代中期，这个职业却变了味儿，“医药代表”成了专门卖药给医生，并给医生提供“回扣”的一个群体的代名词。
这些人每天混迹在各大医院里，人数多达上百人，甚至比医生来得早、走得晚。
无论男女，他们肩上都挎着皮包，或是提个口袋，里面装着所促销药品的宣传资料，有的还放了一些小礼物。
他们或者在病房之间穿梭，或者在门诊部坐着，看着医生给病人看病，因为医生开出的药都与他们的收入和业绩息息相关。
一个医药代表的收入有多少，主要看他的个人活动能力、人际关系和促销的药品来决定。
“只要医生把你促销的药品开给患者，患者买药了，医药代表就能赚钱了。
医生给病人开的越多，医药代表赚得就越多。
说白了，医药代表就是在赚病人的钱；而收回扣的医生是在喝病人的血，就是这么简单。
”一位医药代表如是说道。
Many years ago,an occupation referred to as“Pharmaceutical Sales Representative”emerged silently in the country.Their duty was to explain to clinicians the efficacy and usage of pharmaceuticals.This duty,however,began to change in the middle of the1990s.The term “Pharmaceuticals Sales Representative”has become a synonym for a group of people who are specialized in selling pharmaceuticals to physicians and providing them with commission.These people,numbering as many as a hundred,mingle in the crowd in various large hospitals every day.They even come to the hospital earlier and leave later than physicians do. They each shoulder a leather bag or carry a handbag,in which are leaflets and pamphlets on the pharmaceuticals,and some small gifts as well.They are the very pharmaceutical sales representatives,who either shuttle between the wards or sit in the outpatient department, watching the physicians treating the patients,for the medications prescribed by a physician are closely bound up with their performances and incomes.How much a pharmaceutical sales representative earns depends mainly on his maneuver ability,his interpersonal relationship and the types of pharmaceuticals.“You will make money only if a physician prescribes his patients the medications you promote.The more medications a physician prescribes,the more money a pharmaceutical sales representative makes.To put it plainly,a pharmaceutical sales representative makes money from patients,whereas a physician gets commission which is the blood from patients.It’s that simple”，said a pharmaceutical sales representative.医学汉英笔译教学4护理学的发展当说到护理学的发展，很多人都会想到南丁格尔(Florence Nightingale)。