2010年莆田市初中毕业、升学考试试卷数学试题（满分：150分；考试时间：120分钟）注意：本试卷分为“试题”和“答题卡”两部分，答题时请按答题卡中的“注意事项”要求认真作答，答案写在答题卡上的相应位置.一、精心选一选：本大题共8小题，每小题4分，共32分.每小题给出的四个选项中有且只有一个选项是符合题目要求的.答对的得40分.1.2-的倒数是（）.A ．2B ．12 C ．12- D ．-2有意义，则x 的取值范围是（ ）.A ．1x ≥B ．1x ≤C ．0x >D ．1x >3.下列图形中，是中心对称图形的是（ ）.4．下列计算正确的是（ ）.A ．325()a a = B ．23a a a +=C ．33a a a ÷=D ．235a a a =·5．已知1O ⊙和2O ⊙的半径分别是3cm 和5cm ，若12O O =1cm ，则1O ⊙与2O⊙的位置关系是（）.A ．相交B ．相切C ．相离D ．内含 6．如图是由五个小正方体搭成的几何体，它的左视图．．．是（ ）.第3题 第6题7．在某次聚会上，每两人都握了一次手，所有人共握手10次，设有x 人参加这次聚会，则列出方程正确的是（ ）.A ．(1)10x x -=B ．(1)102x x -= C ．(1)10x x += D ．(1)102x x += 8．11()A x y ，、22()B x y ，是一次函数2(0)y kx k =+>图象上不同的两点，若1212()()t x x y y =--，则（ ）.A ．0t <B ．0t =C ．0t >D ．0t ≤ 二、细心填一填：本大题共8小题，每小题4分，共32分. 9．化简：22(1)(1)a a +--=________.10.2009年我国全年国内生产总值约335000亿元，用科学记数法表示为________亿元. 11．如图，D 、E 分别是ABC △边AB 、AC 的中点，BC =10，计算：22|2.-解不等式213436x x --≤，并把它的解集在数轴上表示出来.19．（本小题满分8分）如图，四边形ABCD 的对角线AC 、DB 相交于点O ，现给出如下三个条件：AB DC AC DB OBC OCB ==∠=∠①②③.（1）请你再增加一个．．条件：________，使得四边形ABCD 为矩形（不添加其它字母和辅助线，只填一个即可，不必证明）；（2）请你从①②③中选择两个条件________（用序号表示，只填一种情况），使得AOB DOC △≌△，并加以证明.第19题如图，在边长为1的小正方形组成的网格中，AOB △的三个顶点均在格点上，点A 、B 的坐标分别为(23)31.A B --，、（，）（1）画出AOB △绕点O 顺时针．．．旋转90°后的11AOB △； （2）点1A 的坐标为_______； （3）四边形11AOA B 的面积为_______.21.（本小题满分8分）如图，A 、B 是O ⊙上的两点，120AOB ∠=°，点D 为劣弧 AB 的中点.（1）求证：四边形AOBD 是菱形；（2）延长线段BO 至点P ，交O ⊙于另一点C ，且BP =3OB ，求证：AP 是O ⊙的切线.第20题第21题在一个不透明的盒子里，装有四个分别标有数字1，2，3，4的小球，它们的形状、大小、质地等完全相同.小明先从盒子里随机取出一个小球，记下数字为x；放回盒子摇匀后，再由小华随机取出一个小球，记下数字为y.（1）用列表法表示出（x，y）的所有可能出现的结果；（2）求小明、小华各取一次小球所确定的点（x，y）落在反比例函数4yx=的图象上的概率；（3）求小明、小华各取一次小球所确定的数x、y满足4yx<的概率.23．（本小题满分10分）一方有难，八方支援.2010年4月14日青海玉树发生地震，全国各地积极运送物资支援灾区.现在甲、乙两车要从M地沿同一公路运输救援物资往玉树灾区的N地，乙车比甲车先行1小时，设甲车与乙车之间的路程．．．．．．．．．．为y（km），甲车行驶时间为t（h），y（km）与t（h）之间函数关系的图象如图所示.结合图象解答下列问题（假设甲、乙两车的速度始终保持不变）：（1）乙车的速度是_________km/h；（2）求甲车的速度和a的值.第23题如图1，在Rt ABC △中，9068ACB AC BC ∠===°，，，点D 在边AB 上运动，DE平分CDB ∠交边BC 于点E ，CM BD ⊥垂足为M EN CD ⊥，，垂足为N.（1）当AD=CD 时，求证：DE AC ∥；（2）探究：AD 为何值时，BME △与CNE △相似？（3）探究：AD 为何值时，四边形MEND 与BDE △的面积相等？第24题如图1，在平面直角坐标系xOy 中，矩形OABC 的边OA 在y 轴的正半轴上，OC 在x 轴的正半轴上，OA =1，OC =2，点D 在边OC 上且54OD =. （1）求直线AC 的解析式；（2）在y 轴上是否存在点P ，直线PD 与矩形对角线AC 交于点M ，使得DMC △为等腰三角形？若存在，直接写出．．．．所有符合条件的点P 的坐标；若不存在，请说明理由. （3）抛物线2y x =-经过怎样平移，才能使得平移后的抛物线过点D 和点E （点E 在y 轴正半轴上），且ODE △沿DE 折叠后点O 落在边AB 上O ′处？第25题2010年莆田市初中毕业、升学考试试卷数学参考答案及评分标准说明：（一）考生的解法与“参考答案”不同时，可参照“答案的评分标准”的精神进行评分. （二）如解答的某一步计算出现错误，这一错误没有改变后续部分的考查目的，可酌情给分，但原则上不超过后面应得分数的二分之一；如属严重的概念性错误，就不给分.（三）以下解答各行右端所注分数表示正确做完该步骤应得的累计分数. （四）评分的最小单位1分，得分或扣分都不能出现小数点. 一、精心选一选（本大题共8小题，每小题4分，共32分） 1.C 2.A 3.B 4.D 5.D 6.A 7.B 8.C二、细心填一填（本大题共8小题，每小题4分，共32分）9．4a 10. 53.3510⨯ 11. 5 12. 6 13. 2 14. 1 15.40217．（本小题满分8分）解：原式=2·························· 6分 =2- ························································ 8分注：2|24(2)=分18．（本小题满分8分）解：去分母，得2(21)x -·························· 2分去括号，得4234x x --≤ ··················································································· 4分 移项，合并同类项，得2x -≤ ∴不等式的解集为2x -≤ ····················································································· 6分 该解集在数轴上表示如下：································································································································· 8分 19．（本小题满分8分） （1）AD BC =（或AO OC =或BO OD =或90ABC ∠=°等） 3分 （2）解法1：②③ ··················································· 4分 证明：OBC OCB ∠=∠ OB OC ∴= ····························································· 5分第19题又AC DB OA OD =∴= ················································································ 6分 又AOB DOC ∠=∠ AOB DOC ∴△≌△ ······························································································ 8分 解法2：①② ··········································································································· 4分 证明：∵AB=DC ，DB=AC ，AD=DA ∴ABD DCA △≌△ ····························································································· 6分 ∴∠ABO=∠DCO ········································································································· 7分又∵∠AOB=∠DOC A O B D O C ∴△≌△ ······················································· 8分（注：若选①③第（2）小题得0分） 20．（本小题满分8分） （1）正确画出1OA 、1OB 、11A B 各得1分 ·························································· 3分 （2）（3，2） ·········································································································· 5分 （3）8 ······················································································································ 8分 21．（本小题满分8分） 证明：（1）连接OD . ·································· 1分D 是劣弧 AB 的中点，120AOB ∠=°60AOD DOB ∴∠=∠=° ························· 2分 又∵OA=OD ，OD=OB∴△AOD 和△DOB 都是等边三角形 ·········· 3分 ∴AD=AO=OB=BD∴四边形AOBD 是菱形 ······························· 4分（2）连接AC.∵BP =3OB ，OA=OC=OB ∴PC=OC=OA ········································································································· 5分12060AOB AOC ∠=∴∠= °°OAC ∴△为等边三角形∴PC=AC=OC ········································································································· 6分 ∴∠CAP =∠CP A又∠ACO =∠CP A +∠CAP 30CAP ∴∠=°90PAO OAC CAP ∴∠=∠+∠=° ······································································ 7分 又OA 是半径AP ∴是O ⊙的切线 ································································································ 8分 22．（本小题满分10分） 解：（1）第21题································································································································· 3分 （2）可能出现的结果共有16个，它们出现的可能性相等. ································· 4分 满足点（x ，y ）落在反比例函数4y x=的图象上（记为事件A ）的结果有3个，即（1，4），（2，2），（4，1），所以P （A ）=316. ····································································· 7分 （3）能使x ，y 满足4y x<(记为事件B )的结果有5个，即（1，1），（1，2），（1，3），（2，1），（3，1），所以P （B ）=516·········································································· 10分23．（本小题满分10分） （1）40 ···················································································································· 3分 （2）解法1：设甲车的速度为x km/h ，依题意得12(121)40200x =+⨯+ ······················································································· 5分解得x =60 ················································································································· 6分 又(1)4060a a +⨯=⨯ ··························································································· 8分 ∴a =2 ························································································································ 9分 答：甲车的速度为每小时60千米，a 的值为2. ················································ 10分 解法2：设甲车的速度为x km/h ，依题意得40(1)(12)(40)200ax a a x =+⎧⎨--=⎩ ························································································ 7分 解得602.x a =⎧⎨=⎩··········································································································· 9分答：甲车的速度为每小时60千米，a 的值为2. ················································ 10分 24．（本小题满分12分） （1）证明：AD CD DAC DCA =∴∠=∠2BDC DAC ∴∠=∠ ································· 1分又∵DE 是∠BDC 的平分线 ∴∠BDC=2∠BDE∴∠DAC =∠BDE ········································· 2分∴DE ∥AC ···················································· 3分 （2）解：（Ⅰ）当BME CNE △∽△时，得MBE NCE ∠=∠ ∴BD=DC∵DE 平分∠BDC ∴DE ⊥BC ，BE=EC.又∠ACB =90° ∴DE ∥AC . ···················································································· 4分 ∴BE BD BC AB =即152BD AB === ∴AD =5 ···················································································································· 5分第24题（Ⅱ）当BME ENC △∽△时，得EBM CEN ∠=∠∴EN ∥BD又∵EN ⊥CD∴BD ⊥CD 即CD 是△ABC 斜边上的高 ································································· 6分 由三角形面积公式得AB ·CD=AC ·BC ∴CD=245∴185AD == ·················································································· 7分 综上，当AD =5或185时，△BME 与△CNE 相似. （3）由角平分线性质易得12MDE DEN S S DM ME ==△△· BDE MEND S S = △四边形12BD EM DM EM ∴=·· 即12DM BD = ······················································ 8分 ∴EM 是BD的垂直平分线.∴∠EDB=∠DBE∵∠EDB =∠CDE ∴∠DBE =∠CDE又∵∠DCE =∠BCD∴CDE CBD △∽△ ······················· 9分CD CE DE BC CD BD∴==① ············ 10分 2CD BE BE BC BD BM ∴== 即4BE CD = 5454=⨯= ······························································ 11分 25843939cos 5810B =⨯= 39112105-⨯= ······························································ 12分 25．（本小题满分14分）解：（1）OA =1，OC =2则A 点坐标为（0，1），C 点坐标为（2，0）设直线AC 的解析式为y=kx+b0120b k b +=⎧∴⎨+=⎩ 第24题解得121k b ⎧=-⎪⎨⎪=⎩∴直线AC 的解析式为112y x =-+ ······································································ 2分 （2）123555(0)(0)(02))384P P P --，，，，，或3(0P （正确一个得2分） ······························································································· 8分（3）如图，设(1)O x ′，过O ′点作O F OC ⊥′于F 222251()4O D O F DF x ='+=+-′ 由折叠知OD O D =′ 22551()()44x ∴+-= 12x ∴=或2············································· 10分第25题。