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孟子与荀子英文版


《孟子》名句
《 孟 子 尽 心 章 句 下 》
君 为 轻 。
社 稷 次 之 ,
民 为 贵 ,
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The thoughts of Mencius
3. Mencius developed Confucius’ concept of ren from merely a moral term to a level of governance by pointing out that a state should be governed by a sage-king. His concept of benevolent governance calls upon the resumption of the “square-field system” and the reduction of corporal punishments. He was also against the abuse of taxation and any unjust wars.
汉宫秋月
李白有诗云:“汉家秦地月,流影照明妃; 一上玉关道,天涯去不归。” 杜甫显然很同情王昭君,他写下了“千载琵 琶作胡语,分明怨恨曲中论。”的诗句。 而做为政治家的王安石却从另一个角度看这 个问题,他认为昭君出塞不是件坏事,写诗 云,“汉恩自浅胡自深,人生乐在相知心”。
汉宫秋月
宫女之怨是个传统话题。汉乐府中有不少关 于宫女之怨的题材,如《玉阶怨》,《昭君 怨》,《昭君悲》等。后来甚至形成了专门 描述后宫的诗体,名为宫词。唐朝张祜的一 首五言绝句《宫词》:“故国三千里,深宫 二十年。一声《何满子》,双泪落君前。”
The thoughts of Mencius
1. Mencius’ believed that human beings are good by nature. He held that this goodness is innate and all men have natural sympathies; one’s natural goodness is presented by the exercise of benevolence, righteousness, proprieties and prudence. As for the “bad or evil ideas”, they are the direct result of his environment. He believed that every man can become a saint if he cultivates and develops his “good nature”.
《孟子》名句
《 孟 子 告 子 章 句 上 》
舍 生 而 取 义 者 也 。
二 者 不 可 得 兼 ,
义 , 亦 我 所 欲 也 ,
生 , 亦 我 所 欲 也 ;
舍 鱼 而 取 熊 掌 者 也 。
二 者 不 可 得 兼 ,
熊 掌 , 亦 我 所 欲 也 ,
鱼 , 我 所 欲 也 ;
《孟子》名句

《 孟 子 告 子 章 句 上 》

水 无 有 不 下 。
人 无 有 不 善 ,
犹 水 之 就 下 也 。
人 性 之 善 也 ,
无 分 于 上 下 乎 <
“ 水 信 无 分 于 东 西 。
孟 子 曰 :
犹 水 之 无 分 于 东 西 也 。 ”
中国古典十大名曲
汉宫秋月
汉宫秋月
《汉宫秋月》本是一首琵琶曲,后改编为二 胡曲。《汉宫秋月》很可能与《汉宫秋》有 一定的关系。而《汉宫秋》是一出元末杂剧, 作者是马致远。《汉宫秋》讲的是王昭君和 亲出塞的故事。
汉宫秋月
据《后汉书· 南匈奴传》记载:“昭君字嫱, 南郡人也。初,元帝时,以良家子选入掖庭。 时,呼韩邪来朝,帝敕以宫女五人以赐之。 昭君入宫数岁,不得见御,积悲怨,乃请掖 庭令求行。呼韩邪临辞大会,帝召五女以示 之,昭君丰容靓饰,光明汉宫,顾景斐回, 竦动左右。帝见大惊,意欲留之,然难于失 信,遂与匈奴。”
《 孟 子 公 孙 丑 章 句 上 》
犹 其 有 四 体 也 。
人 之 有 是 四 端 也 ,
是 非 之 心 , 智 之 端 也 。
辞 让 之 心 , 礼 之 端 也 ;
羞 恶 之 心 , 义 之 端 也 ;
恻 隐 之 心 , 仁 之 端 也 ;
人 皆 有 不 忍 人 之 心 。 ……
·
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The thoughts of Mencius
The Works of Mencius
The Works of Mencius is a collection of anecdotes about the teachings of Mencius, a fourth-generation disciple of Confucius. It embodies the philosophical and political thinking of Mencius, who also stressed humanity and righteousness, with emphasis on the latter. While Confucius advocated “killing oneself for humanity”, Mencius encouraged “ killing oneself for righteousness”. He was a successor of Confucius and has been called the “Second Sage” after Confucius.
《孟子》名句

《 孟 子 公 孙 丑 章 句 下 》
战 必 胜 矣 。
故 君 子 有 不 战 ,
攻 亲 戚 之 所 畔 ;
以 天 下 之 所 顺 ,
多 助 之 至 , 天 下 顺 之 。
寡 助 之 至 , 亲 戚 畔 之 ;
失 道 者 寡 助 。
得 道 者 多 助 ,
地 利 不 如 人 和 ……
天 时 不 如 地 利 ,
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The thoughts of Mencius
4. Unlike Confucius, Mencius did not deny the quest for li (profits, or gains), but he attached more importance to yi (righteousness) and considered righteousness as his top priority. When profits and righteousness are in conflict, one should sacrifice one’s opportunities of making profits for a righteous cause, or even lay down one’s life. To achieve this state, there is no better way than reducing one’s desires.
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The thoughts of Mencius
5. Thus, the ideal moral personality of Mencius is that one should never be “corrupted by neither riches nor honors, shaken by neither poverty nor adversity, faltered by neither threats nor force”. On the other hand, Mencius’ declaration of “if poor, one attends to his own virtue in solitude; if advanced to dignity, he makes the whole world virtuous as well” has become a standard of social conduct of Chinese scholars for thousands of years.
Three Moves by Mencius' Mother
Mencius lived near a graveyard in his childhood. Therefore, as he played, he amused himself by imitating the others’ digging tombs. His mother said, “It's not good for a child to live in this kind of place.” They moved to a house near a market. Then the son took pleasure in imitating the peddler’s hawking. Again the mother said, “It's not good for a child to live here.” She changed their residence a second time and housed themselves near a school. There her son played imitating the sacrificial rites on ceremony and formalities of courtesy. The mother said, “This is the right place for a child.” They settled there. After Meng Ke grew up, he acquired six classical arts and became a scholar well known for his erudition and one of the representatives of Confucianism.
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