虚拟语气一．语气的分类：二．虚拟语气的用法：（一）虚拟语气在if条件句中的用法：---If I were you, I would give it up. (与现在事实相反)---If I had taken his advice, I would not have made such a mistake. (与过去事实相反)---If she came/should come/were to come, I could ask her for help. (与将来事实相反)2．特殊用法：①错综时间虚拟条件句：条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，主从句的谓语动词要根据假设的时间来定。
---If you had followed the doctor’s advice, you would be much better now.②if条件句虚拟倒装：可以把if从句中的should, were, had置于句首，省略if构成倒装。
---Were I you, I would give it up.---Had I taken his advice, I would not have made such a mistake.---Should she come, I could ask her for help.③含蓄虚拟条件句：有时假设的情况并不以if引导的条件从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式表示。
常用的词或短语有：without, but for, otherwise, or, but等。
---Without/But for your help, I could not have succeeded.---I should have returned the book last week, but I was too busy. （but后为真实情况）---He was ill, otherwise/or he would have helped us. （otherwise/or前为真实情况）④特殊的if句虚拟：If it were (had been) not for…“要不是…”---If it were not for peace, we could not be living a happy life.---If it had not been for your help, I would have failed.（二）虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法：1．一些表示坚持，命令，建议，要求的词用于名词性从句中时从句的谓语动词用虚拟（一坚持，二命令，三建议，四要求）---Our teacher suggested that we (should) study hard. (宾语从句)---That we (should) study hard was our teacher’s suggestion. (主语从句)---It was suggested that we (should) study hard. (主语从句)---Our teacher’s suggestion was that we (should) study hard. (表语从句)---Our teacher gave us a suggestion that we (should) study hard. (同位语从句)★suggest表示“暗示”，insist表示“坚持说”时不用虚拟。
---His pale face suggested that he was ill.---The old man insisted that I had stolen his money.2．主语从句中的虚拟语气：It is +形容词/名词+that从句（虚拟），常见的形容词或名词有：natural, important, necessary/essential, strange, surprising, funny, a pity, a shame, no wonder等。
---It is important that we (should) keep the balance of nature.---It is a pity that he (should) go to Beijing alone. (此时should翻译为“竟然”)---I wish I were rich. = If only I were rich. （现在）---I wished he had visited us last night. = If only he had visited us last night. （过去）---I wish I could go to the moon one day. = If only I could go to the moon one day. （将来）---I would rather he stayed at home now/tomorrow. （现在或将来）---I would rather he had stayed at home yesterday. (过去)（五）as if/as though的虚拟语气用法：（as if/though与if用法相同，如果描述的内容与事实相符不用虚拟，---It looks as if (though) someone were running after her now. （现在）---He behaved as if (though) nothing had happened. 他装作若无其事的样子。
（过去）---It looks as if (though) she would live another 100 years. （将来）（六）表示过去未曾实现的想法，意图，诺言，希望等，能这样用的动词有：want, think, hope, plan, mean, expect, intend, suppose等，表达方式有两种：“had+过去分词+to do…”或“过去式+to have done”---I had meant to come, but something happened.= I meant to have come, but something happened.（七）It is (high/about) time that sb. did sth.should do sth.“该是…时候了”---It is time (that) we went home.= It is time (that) we should go home.（八）情态动词用于表示对过去情况的虚拟：should/ought to have done：本应该做某事(shouldn’t/ought not to have done “本不应该做某事”)might have done：本可能做某事(might not have done “本不可能做某事”)could have done：本能够做某事(couldn’t have done “本不能做某事”)need have done：本需要做某事(needn’t have done “本不需要做某事”)---You shouldn’t have told him the bad news, which made things even worse.---I stayed at a hotel while in New York. ---Oh, did you? You could have stayed with Tom.---You needn’t have told him the news; he knew it already.---The car nearly hit me; I might have been killed.巩固练习：1. ---T he weather has been very hot and dry.---Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables ___. （2010北京卷）.A. wouldn't dieB. didn't dieC. hadn't diedD. wouldn't have died2. Teachers recommend parents their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. (2010福建卷).A. not allowB. do not allowC. mustn’t allowD. couldn’t allow3. If he __________my advice, he wouldn’t have lost his job. （2010湖南卷）.A. followedB. should followC. had followedD. would follow4. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he_______ more on its culture. （2010江苏卷）.A. focusB. focusedC. would focusD. had focused5. Mark _______ have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early. （2010天津卷）.A. needn’tB. wouldn’tC. mustn’tD. couldn’t6. --- John went to the hospital alone.--- If he _______ me about it, I would have gone with him. (2010天津卷).A. should tellB. tellsC. toldD. had told7. Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy __ . （2010浙江卷）.A. would have been savedB. had been savedC. will be savedD. was saved8. --- Sorry, Professor Smith. I didn't finish the assignment yesterday.--- Oh, you have done it as yesterday was the deadline. ( 2010上海卷).A. mustB. mustn'tC. shouldD. shouldn't9. I _____ have watched that movie---it’ll give me horrible dreams. (2010 山东卷)A. shouldn’tB. needn’tC. couldn’tD. mustn’t10. He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he _____ it differently. (2009 江苏卷)A. could expressB. would expressC. could have expressedD. must have expressed11. The doctor recommended that you _____ swim after eating a large meal. (2009 浙江卷)A. wouldn’tB. couldn’tC. needn’tD. shouldn’t12. But for their help, we _____ the program in time. (2009 安徽卷)A. can not finishB. will not finishC. had not finishedD. could not have finished13. If the weather had been better, we could have had a picnic. But it _____ all day. (2008 全国卷二)A. rainedB. rainsC. has rainedD. is raining14. What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he ____ better. (2008 江西卷)A. need have doneB. must have doneC. can have doneD. might have done15. ---I’m sorry. I ____ at you the other day.---Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself. (2008 江苏卷)A. shouldn’t shoutB. shouldn’t have shoutedC. mustn’t shoutD. mustn’t have shouted16. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we ____ it without you. (2008 山东卷)A. can manageB. could have managedC. could manageD. can have managed17. I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I ____ have driven her there. (2007 陕西卷)A. couldB. mustC. mightD. should18. ---My cat’s really fat.---You ____ have given her so much food. (2007 浙江卷)A. wouldn’tB. couldn’tC. shouldn’tD. mustn’t19. _____ what was going to happen, I would never have left her alone.A. Had I knownB. If I knowC. If I knewD. If I have known20. If you had spoken clearly, you would ______.A. understand itB. be understoodC. have understoodD. have been understood21. ______ to do the work, I should do it some other day.A. If were IB. I wereC. Were ID. Was I22. If I ____ the meaning of the word, I would not have to look it up.A. had knownB. knewC. knowD. knowing23. We didn’t know his telephone number, otherwise we ______ him.A. would have telephonedB. must have telephonedC. would telephoneD. had telephoned24. _____ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.A. WereB. ShouldC. WouldD. will25. If it were not for the fact that you ____ ill, I would ask you to do this right now.A. wereB. had beenC. areD. be26. ---Did you remind him of the meeting? ---No, if I ____ home, I would have.A. wasB. had beenC. wereD. should be27. Were it not for the debts, we ______ all right.A. would beB. would have beenC. wereD. are28. Without electricity human life _____ quite different today.A. isB. willC. would have beenD. would be29. You didn’t let me drive. If we ____ in turn, you ____ so tired.A. drove; didn’t getB. drove; wouldn’t getC. were driving; wouldn’t getD. had driven; wouldn’t have got30. _____ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the film so often.A. If it is notB. Were it notC. Had it not beenD. If they were not31. The patient insisted that he ____ ill and ____ to the hospital.A. wasn’t; wasn’t sentB. wasn’t; shouldn’t be sentC. shouldn’t; wasn’t sentD. shouldn’t be; shouldn’t be sent32. I would have invited her to the party but I _____ her well.A. don’t knowB. knowC. hadn’t knownD. didn’t know33. It is high time that the boy _____ be sent to school.A. wouldB. shouldC. willD. shall34. She says she’d rather he _____ tomorrow instead of today.A. had leftB. should leaveC. leavesD. left35. Sometimes I wish I ______ in a different time and a different place.A. be livingB. would liveC. were livingD. would have lived36. I wish I ____ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.A. could have sleptB. sleptC. might have sleptD. have slept37. I would love ____ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A. to goB. to have goneC. goingD. having gone38. If he _____ his legs yesterday, he ____ the Summer Palace with us now.A. hadn’t hurt; would visitB. hadn’t hurt; would have visitedC. didn’t hurt; would visitD. didn’t hurt; would have visited39. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _____.A. breaksB. has brokenC. were brokenD. had been broken40. It is necessary that everyone here ____ for his own experiment.A. get readyB. gets readyC. must get preparedD. must get ready。