In 1832, the cylinder process was used by the Chance Brothers to create sheet glass. Transportation:
(1)New engineered roads were built by John Metcalf, Thomas Telford and most notably John McAdam, with the first 'macadamised' stretch of road being Marsh Road at Ashton Gate, Bristol in 1816.
the steam locomotive
? 2.The Second Industrial Revolution
? While the first industrial revolution was centered on textiles, iron and steam engine technologies , the second industrial revolution revolved around steel, railroads, petroleum and chemicals and, finally, electricity.
(3) Benjamin Huntsman developed his crucible steel technique in the 1740s.
Steam power:
(1)The Savery Engine -the world's first commercially
useful steam engine was built by Thomas Savery in 1698.
Science and Technology
Ⅰ.The achievements of Industrial Revolution
Industry
Textile manufacture llurgy
Mining Steam power
Transportation
Achievements
flying shuttle, spinning jenny, The water frame , spinning mule the coke pig iron, Hot blast,the crucible steel technique ,
(2)In 1814, the steam locomotive was introduced by George Stephenson.
(3)In 1807, an American Robert Fulton invented steamer.
spinning jenny
The Spinning Mule
(1)The flying shuttle patented in 1733 by John Kay .
(2) The spinning jenny was invented by James Hargreaves in 1764, which he patented in 1770. The spinning jenny was one of the innovations that started the revolution.
the safety lamp
the Savery Engine,Newcomen steam engine,the Watt steam engine
Macadamised, the steam locomotive , steamer
Technological Achievements
Textile manufacture:
Gas lighting:
The gas lighting was introduced by William Murdoch. The first gas lighting utilities were established in London between 1812 and 1820.
Glass making:
Watt had succeeded by 1778 in perfecting his steam engine.
Mining:
The safety lamp which was invented in 1816 by Sir Humphry Davy and independently by George Stephenson.
(3)The water frame was developed by Richard Arkwright who, along with two partners, patented it in 1769.
(4) The Spinning Mule was invented by Samuel Crompton in 1779.It was a combination of the spinning jenny and the water frame.
(2)The Newcomen steam engine in 1712 greatly
facilitated the removal of water and enabled shafts to be made deeper.
(3) In close collaboration with Matthew Boulton , James
Metallurgy:
(1)The coke pig iron was invented and improved by Abraham Darby and his son.
(2)Hot blast, patented by James Beaumont Neilson in 1828, was the most important development of the 19th century for saving energy in making pig iron.