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国家级精品课《妇产科学》ppt课件流产


Essentials of Diagnosis
Suprapubic pain and uterine cramping Vaginal bleeding Cervical dilatation Extrusion of products of conception Disappearance of symptoms and signs of pregnancy Negative pregnancy test or quantitative β-hCG that is not properly increasing Adverse ultrasonic findings(eg, empty gestational sac, fetal disorganization, lack of fetal growth).
流 产 Abortion
复旦大学附属妇产科医院 隋 龙
定 义
流产(abortion): <28w <1000g 早期流产(< 12w) 晚期流产(<28w) 有生机儿(20~28w,500~1000g)
病 因
胚胎因素 数目异常、结构异常 母体因素 全身性疾病、内分泌异常、免疫 功能异常、生殖器异常、创伤 刺激 环境因素 烟草、饮酒、咖啡因、辐射、 避孕、环境毒素
LaБайду номын сангаасoratory Findings
Pregnancy tests β-HCG Complete blood count Blood type and Rh Progesterone-corpus luteum(1st course). chorioplacental system. Ultrasonography-highly accurate in diagnosing impending spontaneous abortion, especially transvaginally
妊娠前3个月 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
5 0.6 36 53
妊娠3-6个月 妊娠6-9个月 足月活产
人色体异常率(%)
病因二
母体因素 营养不良 感染 慢性衰弱性疾病 内分泌异常 创伤 生殖道因素
免疫因素 自身免疫因素 同种免疫因素
Etiology
病 理
早期流产:无胚胎、结节状胚、 圆柱状胚、发育阻滞胚、肢体畸 形、神经管缺陷 晚期流产:肉样胎块、石胎、压 缩胎儿、纸样胎儿、浸软胎儿、 脐带异常
临床表现
25%的妊娠在早期可以 阴道流血 出现阴道出血 腹痛 反复阴道流血、贫血、 腹痛 蜕膜、胎盘、胎儿排出 感染 有关妊娠的症状消失
临床分类
先兆流产(threatened abortion) 难免流产(inevitable abortion) 不全流产(incomplete abortion) 完全流产(complete abortion) 稽留流产(missed abortion) 习惯性流产(habitual abortion) 反复性自然流产 (recurrent spontaneous abortion, RSA) 流产合并感染(septic abortion)
★ Abnormal products of conception Over 15% of fertilized ova do not divide 15% are lost before implantation (1st week of gest) 25% are lost during implantation (2nd week of gest) ★ About 60% of spontaneous abortions occurring during 1st trimester Abnormal karyotype:≥10% ---chromosomal abnormalities genetic abnormalities > "unknown" > infection > anatomic defects > endocrine factors > immunologic factors > maternal systemic disease ★ The major causes of 2nd-trimester abortion: anatomic defects of the uterus or cervix(septum) fetal demise circumvallate placentation
鉴别诊断
先兆流产 难免流产 不全流产 完全流产 异位妊娠 葡萄胎 功能失调性子宫出血 盆腔炎 阑尾炎
治疗原则
先兆流产 难免流产 不全流产 完全流产 稽留流产 习惯性流产 流产合并感染
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