二、选择题
1. Derivational morpheme contrasts sharply with inflectional morpheme in that the former changes the _____ while the latter does not.(北二外2017研)
A. meaning
B. word class
C. form
D. speech sound
【答案】B
【解析】morpheme语素,分为自由语素和黏着语素,其中黏着语素包括词根和词缀两种类型,词缀分为派生词缀(derivational affixes)和屈折词缀(inflectional affixes)。
派生词缀黏附在词根语素上构成新词,也即增加了新的词汇义内容或改变了词的类
别归属。
屈折词缀只能改变一个词的形式,不能构成新词。
也即屈折词缀增加的是
表示句法范畴的意义,并且总是不改变词的类别归属。
即两者重要区别在于是否改
变了词的类别,故B为正确答案。
2. The branch of linguistics that studies the systems and patterns of speech sounds
in a language is called _____.(对外经贸2017研)
A. acoustics
B. phonology
C. phonetics
D. articulation
【答案】B
【解析】音位学是研究人类语言中的语音模块系统和模式的方法。
3. Point out which item does not fall under the same category as the rest, and explain the reason in ONE sentence.(南京大学2007研)
A. resolution
B. resident
C. restart
D. resignation
【答案】C
【解析】/s/ 在restart中位于清辅音前,所以被轻音化。
4. Which of the following is NOT included in G. Leech’s seven types of meaning?(大连外国语学院2008研)
A. Connotative meaning.
B. Denotative meaning.
C. Conceptual meaning.
【答案】B
【解析】利奇提出的7种意义分别为概念意义,内涵意义,社会意义,感情意义,反射意义,搭配意义和主位意义。
5. A _____ is what is expressed by a declarative sentence when that sentence is
uttered to make a statement.(北二外2016研)
A. proposition
B. composition
C. description
D. exposition
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查逻辑语义学中复合命题的定义。
命题是指一个判断(陈述)的语义(实际表达的概念),这个概念是可以被定义并观察的现象。
命题不是指判断(陈述)本身,而是
指所表达的语义。
当相异判断(陈述)具有相同语义的时候,他们表达相同的命题。
6. The maxim of _____ requires that a participant’s contribution be relevant to the conversation.(对外经贸2015研)
A. quantity
B. quality
C. manner
D. relation
【答案】D
【解析】在语言学中,The Cooperative Principles(合作原则)包括:Quantity Maxim(数量准则);Quality Maxim(质量准则);Relation Maxim(关系准则);Manner
Maxim(方式准则)。
其中关系准则要求说话要贴切,要有关联(be relevant),不答
非所问。
因此答案选D。
7. There are generally three kinds of sense relations recognized, sameness relation,
oppositeness relation and inclusiveness relation. They are represented by ______ respectively.(大连外国语学院2008研)
A. synonymy, antonymy, and hyponymy
B. synonymy, hyponymy, and antonymy
C. antonymy, synonymy, and hyponymy
【答案】A
【解析】有三种涵义关系,分别为同义关系,反义关系和上下义关系。
8. _____ refers to the obstruction of the air stream caused by the tongue tip or blade and the alveolar ridge, such as in the production of [t].(北二外2017研)
A. Stop
B. Dental
C. Alveolar
D. Glide
【答案】C
【解析】考查辅音的分类。
根据发音部位,主要分为双唇音(bilabials),唇齿音(labiodental),齿音(dental),齿龈音(alveolar),硬腭音(palatal),软腭音(velar),声门
音(glottal);而按照发音方式,可分为爆破音(stops),磨擦音(fricatives),
破擦音(affricates),鼻音(nasals),流音(liquids),滑音(glides)。
由题意,
舌端和齿龈形成阻碍成音,即为齿龈音,常见辅音有[t] [d] [s] [z] [ts] [dz] [n] [l],
故C正确。
9. _____ deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world experience.(西安交大2008研)
A. Reference
B. Concept
C. Semantics
D. Sense
【答案】A
【解析】指称指拥有某些属性的具体实体,它处理的是语言元素与非语言世界的关系。
10. _____ refers to the degree of force used in producing a syllable.(北二外2015研)
A. Stress
B. Rhyme
C. T one
D. Coda
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查重音的含义。
重音,是指相连的音节中某个音节发音突出,音节发音时所用的力度与重音有关。
选项B是押韵,指的是发音的节奏。
选项C是声调,是音节的高低升降形式。
选项D是节尾,是英语音节的组成部分之一,英语音节包括节首,节峰和节尾。
因此该题选A。
11. Which of the following is true of an allophone?(对外经贸2005研)
A. A phone can be the allophone of all English vowel phonemes.
B. There are no restrictions on the distribution of an allophone.
C. There is no possibility of an allophone becoming a phoneme.
D. An allophone changes the meaning of the word.
【答案】C
【解析】音素是语音学研究的一个基本单位,是人类的发音器官所能发出的最小语音片段,音位是一组语音特征的抽象集合体,并不是所有的因素都是音位。
音位变体必须互
补分布,且不会改变词义。
12. Which of the following is NOT a process of the lexical change?(大连外国语学院2008研)
A. INVENTION.
B. ACRONYM.
C. LEXICON.
【答案】C
【解析】词的变化方式很多,新创词和缩略语都属于其中,而选项C不属于。
13. _____ is a single element of structure containing more than one word, and
lacking the subject-predicate structure typical of clauses.(北二外2014研)
A. Phrase
B. Clause
C. Parole。