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刘润清《新编语言学教程》配套题库-考研真题精选【圣才出品】

第一部分考研真题精选一、填空题1.When air is forced out of the lungs,it causes the__________to vibrate.(中山大学2018研)【答案】vocal folds【解析】语音产生是以气流为能量来源的。

在大多数情况下,气流源自肺部,气流从肺中压出,引起声带的振动。

2._____is the ability of language to refer to contexts removed from the speaker’s immediate situation.(北二外2016研)【答案】Displacement【解析】本题考查语言本质特征的移位性。

移位性指的是就内容或者思想的表达来讲,人类语言的使用是不受时空限制的,可以用于涉及真实的或者想象的,过去的、现在的或将来的事情。

这不同于动物“语言”,因为大多数动物的“语言”需要“即时刺激控制”。

3.One of the important distinctions in linguistics is_______and performance.(人大2006研)【答案】competence【解析】语言能力指理想的语言使用者关于语言规则的语言知识,语言应用指语言交际中关于语言规则知识的实际使用。

4.Phonetics is the study of______sounds that the human voice is capable ofcreating whereas phonology is the study of a subset of those sounds that constitute language and meaning.(北京邮电大学2015研)【答案】speech【解析】本题考查语音学和音系学的含义。

语音学研究语音的发生、传递和感知。

音系学研究的是语言的语音系统。

换句话说,音系学研究的是说话人为表达意义而系统地选择语音的方法。

5.A principal distinction between morphology and syntax is that the former is concerned with the internal composition of a word,whereas the latter is concerned with_____of words.(中山大学2017研)【答案】combinations【解析】Morphology is concerned with the internal organization of words.It studies the minimal units of meaning-morphemes and word-formation processes.Syntax is the study of the rules governing the ways different constituentsare combined to form sentences in a language,or the study of theinterrelationships between elements in sentence structure.6.Human language is arbitrary.This refers to the fact that there is no logical or intrinsic connection between a particular sound and the______it is associated with.(人大2007研)【答案】meaning【解析】语言具有任意性,其所指与其形式没有逻辑或内在的联系。

7._____is said of the study of development of language and languages over time.(北二外2016研)【答案】Diachronic【解析】本题考查历时性的定义。

语言的历时性指语言随时间的延续而引发的变化。

语言的历时性是相对于语言的共时性而言的,共时性语言学是研究理论上处于一个时点的语言,描写语言的一个"状态",不管正在发生哪些变化。

8.When a word appears in a variety of forms depending on its grammatical role inthe sentence we say that it undergoes_____.(中山大学2018研)【答案】inflection【解析】曲折变化是指通过添加屈折词缀,如数,人称,限定性,体和格等来表示某词语法关系的变化。

9._____is the name for oppositeness relation.(北二外2015研)【答案】Antonymy【解析】本题考查反义的语义关系。

反义关系就是相反的语义关系。

nguage is a form of human communication by means of a system of_____ principally transmitted by vocal sounds.(中山大学2017研)【答案】symbols【解析】Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.11.When language is used for establishing an atmosphere or maintaining social contact rather than exchanging information or ideas,its function is_____function.(北二外2015研)【答案】phatic【解析】本题考查语言的寒暄功能。

寒暄功能是语言最基本的一项功能。

人们用寒暄语来营造一种气氛或保持社会联系而非交流信息。

人们使用寒暄语就是为了缓和谈话双方的关系,同时使谈话双方从心理上得到满足。

12.In terms of the meaning expressed by words,they can be classified into______ words and______words.(南开大学2007研)【答案】lexical,grammatical【解析】从词所表达的意义划分,词可分为词汇词和语法词。

13.A_____refers to each position in a tree diagram in TG where lines meet.In eachof these positions is a symbol for a grammatical category.(中山大学2018研)【答案】constituent【解析】成分,作为一个术语,指的是用于句子结构分析的一个语言单位,它是一个比其更大的语言单位的一部分。

几个成分共同构成一个结构体。

14.The______is the minimal distinctive unit in grammar,a unit which cannot bedivided without destroying or drastically altering the meaning,whether lexical or grammatical.(北二外2015研)【答案】morpheme【解析】本题考查词素的含义。

词素是最小的音义结合体,其最大的特点是不能再被分割为更小的音义结合体。

意思或语法功能的最小单位。

15.The type of stress which distinguishes words such as/'transpɒt/from/tran'pɒt/is known as_____stress.(中山大学2018研)【答案】word【解析】单词重音是指一个单词内部重读音节和非重读音节的语调模式。

20.By______,we mean the property of having two levels of structures,such that units of the primary level are composed of elements of the secondary level and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization.(北二外2014研)【答案】duality【解析】二重性是指两层结构的属性。

底层结构是上层结构的组成成分,每层都有自身的组合规则。

21.______is a branch of linguistics that studies the interrelationship between phonology and morphology.(南开大学2007研)【答案】Morphophonology【解析】形态音系学是语言学的一个分支,主要研究形态学与音系学的关系。

22.A_____typically contains a consonant or set of consonants followed by a vowelfollowed by another consonant or set of consonants.(中山大学2018研)【答案】syllable【解析】音节是超音段研究中的一个重要单位。

音节必须有一个“节核”或者“韵峰”,通常由元音来承担,但有时也可以由具有成音节特征的辅音来起节核的作用,通常在节核的前后还可以有辅音丛的出现。

23.According to Saussure,_____refers to the concrete utterances of a speaker.(北二外2016研)【答案】parole【解析】本题考查言语的概念。

根据索绪尔的观点,言语指的是语言的实际应用,是具体的个人的动态的语言现象,不同于语言,语言是全民的、概括的、有限的、静态的系统知识。

24.It is generally agreed that linguistics should include at least five parameters,namely,phonologic,morphologic,syntactic,semantic and______.(北京邮电大学2015研)【答案】pragmatic【解析】本题考查语言学的五个主要方面。

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