英语高考模拟卷-上海市育培高中2016届自招高考模拟卷英语试题及答案上海市育培高中2016届自招高考模拟英语试题考生注意：1. 考试时间100分钟, 试卷满分120分。

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Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Daniel Anderson, a famous psychologist, believes it’s important to distinguish television’sinfluences on children from those of the family. We tend to blame TV___(25)____ problems it doesn’t really cause, overlooking our own roles in shaping child ren’s minds.One traditional belief about television is that it reduces a child’s ability___(26)____(understand) the world. While watching TV, children do not merely absorb words and images (影像).___(27)______, they learn both explicit and hidden meanings from what they see. Actually, children learn early the psychology of characters in TV shows. Furthermore, as many teachers agree, children understand far more when parents watch TV with them, explaining new words and ideas. Yet, most parents use an educational program as a chance to park their kids in front of the set and do something in another room.__(28)___ argument against television is that it replaces reading as__29_____ form of entertainment. But according to Anderson, the amount of time spent watching television is notrelated to reading ability. TV doesn’t take the place of reading for most children; it takes the place of similar sorts of recreation, such as listening to the radio and playing sports. Things like parents’ educational background have a stronger influence on a child’s reading. “A child’s reading ability is best predicted by how much a parent reads.” Anderson says. Traditional wisdom also has it that heavy television-watching___30___(lower) IQ (智商) scores and affects school performance. But here, too, Anderson notes ___31_____ no studies have proved it. In fact, research suggests that it’s the other way around. “If you’re smart young, you’ll watch less TV when you’re older,” Anderson says. Yet, people of lower IQ tend to be lifelong television viewers.(B)While income worry is a rather common problem of the aged, loneliness is another problem that aged parents may face. Of all thereasons __32__ explain their loneliness, a large geographical distance between parents and their children is the major one. This phenomenon is commonly known as “Empty Nest Syndrome”(空巢综合症).In order to seek __33__(good) chances outside their countries, many young people have gone abroad, __34__(leave) their parents behind with no clear idea of when they will return home. Their parents spend countless lonely days and nights, taking care of themselves, in the hope that someday their children will come back to stay with them. The fact __35__ most of these young people have gone to Europeanized or Americanized societies makes it unlikely that they will hold as tightly to the value of duty __36__ they would have if they had not left their countries. Whatever the case, it has been noted that the values they hold do not necessarily match __37__ they actually do. This geographical and cultural distance also prevents the grown-up children from providing timelyresponse __38__ the needs of their aged parents. The situation in which grown-up children live far away from their aged parents __39__ (describe) as “distant parent phenomenon”, __40__ is common both in developed countries and in developing countries. Our society has not yet been well prepared for “Empty Nest Syndrome”.The fact that most of these young people have gone to Europeanized or Americanized societies makes it unlikely that they will hold as tightly to the value of duty as they would have if they had not left their countries. Whatever the case, it has been noted that the values they hold do not necessarily match what they actually do.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.It was once common to regard Britain as a society with class distinction. Each class had ___41____ characteristics.In recent years, many writers have begun to speak the '__42___ of class' and 'classless society' in Britain. And in modern day consumer society everyone is considered to be middle class. But _43___ the death of class is too early. A recent wide-ranging society of public opinion found 90 percent of people still ___44____ themselves in __45_____ class; 73 percent agreed that class was still a vital part of British society; and 52 percent thought there were still sharp class differences. Thus, class may not be culturally and politically ___46____, yet it remains an important part of British society.Britain seems to have a love of stratification. One unchanging aspect of a British person's class position is accent. The words a person speaks tell her or his class. A study of British accents during 1970s found that a voice sounding like a BBC newsreader was __47_____ as the most attractive voice, Most people said this accent sounded 'educated' and 'soft'. The accents placed at the bottom in this study, on the other hand, were regional city accents. These accents were seen as 'common' and 'ugly'. However, a similar study of British accents in the US turned these results upside down and placed some regional accents as the most attractive and BBC English as the least. This suggests that British attitudes towards accent have deep roots and are based on class___48____In recent years, however, young upper middle-class people in London, have begun to adopt some regional accents, in order to hide their class origins. This is an __49_____of classbecoming unnoticed. However, the 1995 pop song 'Common People' puts forward the view that though a middle-class person may 'want to live like common people' they can never__50_____ the reality of a working-class life.III. Reading ComprehensionSection A Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Archaeologists are scientists who search for clues that help form a clearer picture of the lives people led in the past. Archaeology is a modern science, but it has been ___51___ for centuries. More than 2,400 years ago, the Greek historian Herodotus described the Egyptian pyramids and other monuments. He may have been the first writer to consider that remains and ___52___ could provide information for ___53___generations. For more than a thousand years, however, such ___54___ were observers rather than researchers.In the 1700s, scientists and adventurers from a variety of countries traveled ___55___ to explore ancient sites. Digs that are still ___56___ began in 1709 at Herculaneum, an Italian city buried in ash during the explosion of Mount Vesuvius in A. D. 79. The Danish scholar Carsten Niebuhr visited the ruins of Persepolis in the Middle East in 1765 to study cuneiform writing (楔形文字). ___57___, archaeology didn’t become a widely recognized science and schools didn’t recognize the subject as a scholarly pursuit until the 19th century. The term itself was ___58___ in 1837. It comes from a Latin word meaning “the study of antiquities (古物).” One of the first archaeologists to use a scientific approach to the discipline was Heinrich Schliemann of Germany, who in the late 1800s ___59___ the ancient civilization of the city of Troy.Today, archaeologists uncover the past in many different ___60___, including deserts and jungles, at sites called digs. Ancient sources, folk tales, and landscape features can suggest where archaeologists should look. Surveys of the land help them choose sites ___61___ to provide artifacts, the objects that will unlock the story of a particular people —their daily lives, their beliefs, and their ties to other cultures. A site, however, does not have to be old to be interesting to an archaeologist. Some prefer to study more ___62___ settlements. One scientist, for instance, studies coal mining camps in California by examining the garbage that miners ___63___. Archaeologists may work for universities, museums or governments, and some of them are involved in educating the public about ___64___ ancient sites. Artifact hunters who are ___65___ history rob these places and sell what they find for a few dollars to immoral dealers in antiquities.5A. B. C. digging D. evolving1 . adventuringchanging52.A. booksB. historyC. ruinsD. science53.A. lostB. laterC. olderD. several5 4 . A.inventorsB. scholarsC. visitorsD. writers5 5 . A.extensivelyB.nationwideC.regularlyD. together5 6 . A. inprogressB. in goodconditionC. ondisplayD. out ofcontrol5 7 . A. Besides B.HoweverC. InsteadD.Meanwhile5 8A. coined B.consideredC.recognizedD. used.5 9 . A. created B.developedC.establishedD.investigated6 0 . A.countriesB. fieldsC.locationsD. ways6 1 . A. certain B. likely C. ready D.necessary6 2 . A.honorableB. peacefulC. ruralD. recent6 3 . A. gaveawayB. gave offC. leftbehindD. left out6 4 . A.choosingB.examiningC.studyingD.protecting6 5 . A. awareofB. fed upwithC.ignorant ofD. familiarwithSection BDirections: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturer's claims, the first step is to present the warranty, or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase. In most cases, this action will produce results. However, if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction.A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager. In general, the “higher up” his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect it to be settled. In such a case, it is usually settled inthe consumer's favor, assuming he or she has a just claim. Consumers should complain in person whenever possible, but if they cannot get to the place of purchase, it is acceptable to phone or write the complaint in a letter. Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item in question. If this cannot be done, the consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information as to what is wrong, rather than by making general statements. For example, “The left speaker does not work at all and the sound coming out of the right one is unclear” is better than “This stereo does not work”. The store manager ma y advice the consumer to write to the manufacturer. If so, the consumer should do this, stating the complaint as politely and firmly as possible. If a polite complaint does not achieve the desired result, the consumer can go to a step further. She or he can threaten to take the seller to courtor report the seller to a private or public organization responsible for protecting consumer's rights.66. When a consumer finds that his or her in it, the first thing he or she should do is to ____.A) complain personally to the managerB) threaten to take the matter to courtC) write a firm letter of complaint to the store of purchaseD) show some written proof of the purchase to the store67. How can a consumer make his or her complaint more effective, according to the passage?A) Explain exactly what is wrong with the item.B) Threaten to take the seller to court.C) Make polite and general statements about the problem.D) Avoid having direct contact with the store manager.68. According to the passage, which of thefollowing is suggested as the last alternative that consumers may turn to?A) Complain to the store manager in person.B) Complain to the manufacturer.C) Write a complaint letter to the manager.69.The passage tells us ____.A) how to settle a consumer’s complaint abouta faulty itemB) how to make an effective complaint abouta faulty itemC) how to avoid buying a faulty itemD) how to deal with complaints fromcustomers(B)About PISA What makes PISAThe Program for International Student Assessment(PISA) is a triennial international survey which aims to evaluate education systems worldwide by testing the skills and knowledge of 15-year-old students. To date, students representing more than 70 economies have participated in the assessment. differentPISA is unique because it develops tests which are not directly linked to the school curriculum. The tests are designed to assess to what extent students at the end of compulsory education, can apply their knowledge to real-life situations and be equipped for full participation in society. The information collected through background questionnaires also provides context which can help analysts interpret the results.What the assessment involvesSince the year 2000, every three years, fifteen-year-old students from randomly selected schools worldwide take tests in the key subjects: reading, mathematics and science, with a focus on one subject in each year of assessment. The students take a test that lasts 2 hours. The tests are a mixture of open-ended and multiple-choice questions that are organized in groups based on a passage setting out a real-life situation. A total of about 390 minutes of Additional PISA initiativesPISA-based Test for Schools(PTS)As interest in PISA has grown, school and local educators have been wanting to know how their individual schools compare with students and schools in education systems worldwide. To address this need, the OECD(The Organization for EconomicCo-operation and Development) has developed the PISA-based test for schools. It is currentlytest items are covered. Students take different combinations of different tests. available in the United States and the OECD is in discussions with governments to make the test available in other countries such as England and Spain.70. PISA is different from other programmes because __________.A. its test is closely related to the schoolcurriculum.B. its test aims to assess whether studentscan solve real-life problems.C. its test can equip students for fullparticipation in school.D. test scores directly determine theanalysis of the test.71. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. Test-takers are carefully selected.B. Test-takers answer the same questions.C. Test-takers are tested on three keysubjects.D. Test-takers spend about 390 minutes onthe test.72. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. Students of all ages will be able to takePTS in the future.B. More countries are likely to have PTS inthe future.C. School and local educators show littleinterest in PISA at present.D. PISA provides evaluation of educationsystem within a certain country.73. Where can we most probably find the passage?A. On the InternetB. In a newspaperC. In a magazineD. In anadvertisement(C)According to a survey, which was based on the responses of over 188, 000 students,today's traditional-age college freshmen are "more materialistic and less altruistic (利他主义的) " than at any time in the 17 years of the poll.Not surprising in these hard times, the student's major objective is to be financially well off. Less important than ever is developing a meaningful philosophy of life. It follows then that today the most popular course is not literature or history but accounting.Interest in teaching, social service and the "altruistic" fields is at a low. On the other hand, enrollment in business programs, engineering and computer science is way up.While it's true that we all need a career, it is equally true that our civilization has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledge in fields far removed from our own and that we are better for our understanding of these other contributions—be they scientific or artistic. It is equally true that, in studying the diverse wisdom of others, we learn how to think. More important, perhaps, education teaches us to seethe connections between things, as well as to see beyond our immediate needs.The most important argument for a broad education is that in studying the accumulated wisdom of the ages, we improve our moral sense.I saw a cartoon recently which shows a group of businessmen looking puzzled as they sit around a conference table; one of them is talking on the intercom (对讲机) : "Miss Baxter, " he says, "could you please send in someone who can distinguish right from wrong?"From the long-term point of view, that's what education really ought to be about.74. According to the author’s observation, college students ________.A) have never been so materialistic as todayB) have never been so interested in the artsC) have never been so financially well off as todayD) have never attached so much importance to moral sense75. The students’ cri teria for selecting majorstoday have much to do with ________.A) the influences of their instructorsB) the financial goals they seek in lifeC) their own interpretations of the coursesD) their understanding of the contributions of others76. By saying “While it’s true that... be they scientific or artistic”, t he author means that ________.A) business management should be included in educational programsB) human wisdom has accumulated at an extraordinarily high speedC) human intellectual development has reached new heightsD) the importance of a broad education should not be overlooked77.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A) Businessmen absorbed in their career are narrow-minded.B) Managers often find it hard to tell right fromwrong.C) People engaged in technical jobs lead a more rewarding life.D) Career seekers should not focus on immediate interests only.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.All of us exist in ‘bodies’ of different shapes, heights, colors and physical abilities. The main reasons for the differences are genetic, and the fact that people’s bodies change as they age. However, a huge range of research indicates that there are social factors too.Poorer people are more likely to eat ‘unhealthy’ foods, to smoke cigarettes and to be employed in physically difficult work or the opposite: boring, inactive employment. Moreover, their housing conditions and neighbourhoods tend to be worse. All of thesefactors impact upon the condition of a person’s health: the physical shapes of bodies are strongly influenced by social factors.These social factors are also closely linked to emotional wellbeing. People with low or no incomes are more likely to have mental health problems. It is not clear, however, whether poverty causes mental illness, or whether it is the other way around. For example, certain people with mental health issues may be at risk of becoming homeless, just as a person who is homeless may have an increased risk of illnesses such as depression.There are other types of social factors too. Bodies are young or old, short or tall, big or small, weak or strong. Whether these judgments matter and whether they are positive or negative depends on the cultural and historical context. In fact, the culture of different societies promote very different valuations of body shapes. What is considered as attractive or ugly, normal or abnormal varies enormously. Currently, forexample, in rich societies the idea of slimness is highly valued, but historically this was different. In most societies the ideal body shape for a woman was a ‘full figure’, while in middle-aged man, a large stomach indicated that they were financially successful in life.Sociologists are suggesting that we should not just view bodies and minds in biological terms, but also in social terms. The physical body and what we seek to do with it change over time and society. This has important implications for medicine and ideas of health. Thus, the idea of people being ‘overweight’ is physically related to large amounts of processed food, together with lack of exercise, and is therefore a medical issue. However, it has also become a mental health issue and social problem as a result of people coming to define this particular body shape as ‘wrong’ and unhealthy. (Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. Besides social factors, what are the other tworeasons for differences in bodies?79. The social factors are likely to have a great effect on people’s ______ and ______.80. Valuations of body shapes change with ______.81. The “This” in the last paragraph refers to ______.第II 卷（共47 分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 他们的建议听起来和我们的同样可行。