项目管理专业术语列表Accept 验收Acceptance 验收Acceptance criteria 验收标准Acquire project team 组建项目团队Activity 活动Activity attributes 活动属性Activity code 活动编码Activity Definition 活动定义Activity Description（AD）活动描述/说明Activity Duration estimating 活动历时估算Activity identifier 活动标识符Activity list 活动列表Activity-On-Arrow（AOA）箭线网络图（双代号网络图）Activity-on-Node（AON）节点式网络图（单代号网络图）Activity resource estimating 活动资源估算Activity sequencing 活动排序Actual 实际Actual cost（AC）实际成本Actual Cost of Work Performed（ACWP）已执行工作实际成本Actual duration 实际历时Actual Finish Date（AF）实际完成日期Actual Start Date（AS）实际开始日期Administrative Closure 行政收尾Analogous estimating 类比估算Application area 应用领域Apportioned effort（AE）分配的工作量Approval 批准Approve 批准Approved change request 已批准的变更请求Arrow 箭线Arrow Diagramming Method（ADM）箭线图示法As-of date 截止日期Assumptions假设Assumptions analysis 假设分析Authority 职权Backward Pass 逆推计算法Bar Chart 横道图（甘特图，条形图）Baseline 基准计划（基线）Baseline finish date 基线完成日期Baseline start date 基线开始日期Bill of materials（BOM）材料单bottom-up estimating 自底向上估算brainstorming 头脑风暴budget 预算budget at completion（BAC）完工预算budget estimate 概算budgeted cost of work performed（BCMP）已执行工作的预算成本budgeted cost of work scheduled（BCWS）计划执行预算成本buffer 缓冲buyer 买方calendar unit 日历单位change 变更change control board（CCB）变更控制委员会change control system 变更控制系统change request 变更请求chart of accounts 账目图表charter 章程checklist 检查单claim 索偿close project 结束项目closing processes收尾过程code of accounts 账目编码co-location 同地办公common cause 共同原因communication 沟通communication management plan 沟通管理计划communications planning 沟通规划compensation 补偿component 组件concurrent engineering 并行工程configuration management system 配置管理系统constraint 约束条件contingencies 意外contingency 意外，应急contingency allowance 应急余量contingency planning应急计划contingency reserve 应急储备contract 合同contract administration 合同管理contract closure 合同收尾contract management plan合同管理计划contract statement of work（SOW）合同工作说明书contract work breakdown structure（CWBS）合同工作分解结构control 控制controlling 控制control account 控制账目control account plan 控制账目计划control chart 控制图control limits 控制范围corrective action 纠正措施cost 成本cost baseline 成本基线cost budgeting 成本预算cost control 成本控制cost estimating 成本估算cost management plan成本管理计划cost of quality 质量成本cost performance index（CPI）成本绩效系数cost-plus-fee（CPF）成本加附加费cost-plus-fixed-fee（CPFF）contract 成本加固定附加费合同cost-plus-incentive-fee（CPIF）contract成本加奖励合同cost reimbursable contract成本偿还合同cost V ariance（CV）费用偏差crashing 赶工create WBS（work breakdown structure）创建工作分解结构critical 关键critical activity 关键活动critical chain method 关键链法critical path 关键路径critical path method（CPM）关键路径法current 当前current finish date 当前结束日期current start date 当前开始日期data date（DD）数据日期date 日期decision tree analysis 决策树分析decompose 分解decomposition 分解defect 缺陷defect repair 缺陷修复deliverable 可交付物delphi technique 德尔菲技术dependency 依赖关系design review 设计评审develop 开发，研制develop project charter 制定项目章程develop project management plan 制定项目管理计划develop project scope statement（preliminary）制定项目范围说明书（初步）develop project team 项目团队建设direct and manage project execution 指导和管理项目执行discrete effort 离散工作量document 文档documented procedure 明文的规范dummy activity 虚活动duration（DU or DUR）历时duration compression 历时压缩early 早early finish date（EF）最早完工日期early start date（ES）最早开始日期earned value（EV）挣值法earned value analysis 挣值分析earned value management 挣值管理earned value technique（EVT）挣值技术effort 工作量enterprise environmental factors 事业环境因素estimate 估算estimate at completion（EAC）在完成时的费用估算estimate to complete（ETC）到完成时的估算event 事件event-on-node 单节点事件图exception report 异常报告execute 执行execution 执行executing 执行executing processes 执行过程expected monetary value（EMV）analysis 期望货币值分析expert judgment 专家判断failure mode and effect analysis 失败模式和影响分析fast tracking 快速跟进finish 完成finish date 完成日期finish-to-finish（FF）完成到完成关系finish-to-start（FS）完成到开始关系fixed-price 固定价格firm-fixed-price（FFP）contract 固定总价合同fixed-price-incentive-fee（PFIF）contract固定价格加奖励合同fixed-price or lump-sum contract 固定价格或总额合同float 浮动时间flowcharting 流程图forecasts 预测，预想forward pass 正推法free float（FF）自由时差functional 职能functional manager 职能经理functional organization 职能型组织funds 资金gantt chart 甘特图goods 物品、货物、商品grade 等级graphical evaluation and review technique（GERT）图解评审技术ground rules 基本规则、条例hammock 集合工作hammock activity 集合活动human resource planning 编制人力资源计划imposed date 强制日期influence 影响influence diagram 影响图influencer 有影响力的人information distribution 信息发布initiate 发起initiation 立项initiator 发起人initiating processes 启动过程inspection 审查integral 整体integrated 整体的integrated change control 整体变更控制integrated cost/schedule reporting 成本/进度综合报告invitation for bid（IFB）邀标书issue 问题、争端key event schedule 关键事件进度计划lag 滞后late 迟late finish date（LF）最迟结束时间late startdate（LS）最迟开始日期latest revised estimate 最新修订的估算lead 超前，提前量lessons learned 经验教训lenssons learned knowledge base 经验知识库level of effort（LOE）投入水平leveling 平衡life cycle 生命周期life-cycle costing 全生命期成本估算line manager 产品经理logic 逻辑logic diagram 逻辑图logical relationship 逻辑关系loop 回路manage 管理manage project team 管理项目团队manage stakeholders 管理项目干系人management reserve 管理储备量master schedule 主进度表materiel 物资matrix organization 矩阵型组织methodology 方法论milestone 里程碑milestone schedule 里程碑进度modern project management（MPM）现代项目管理monitor 监督monitoring 监督monitor and control project work 监督和控制项目工作monitoring and controlling processes 监督和控制过程monte carlo analysis 蒙托卡罗分析near-critical activity 近关键路径network 网络network analysis 网络分析network logic 网络逻辑network loop 网络循环network path 网络路径networking 人际网node 节点objective 目标，目的operations 日常运营opportunity 机会organization 组织organization chart 组织图organizational breakdown structure（OBS）组织分解结构organizational planning 组织规划organizational process assets 组织过程资产original duration（OD）初始历时overall change control 整体变更控制overlap 重叠parametric estimating 参数式估算pareto chart 帕累托图path 路径path float 线路时差path convergence 路径会聚path divergence 路径发散percent complete（PC）完成百分比perform 执行perform quality assurance（QA）执行质量保证perform quality control（QC）执行质量控制performance measurement baseline绩效测量基线performance reporting 绩效报告performance reports 绩效报告performing organization 执行机构PERT chart 计划评审技术图phase 阶段plan 计划plan contracting 签约计划plan purchases and acquisitions 编制采购计划planned finish date（PF）计划结束时间planned startdate（PS）计划开始时间planned value 计划值planning package 计划包planning processes 计划过程portfolio 组合portfolio management 项目组合管理position description 岗位描述practice 惯例precedence 优先precedence diagramming method（PDM）前导图法precedence relationship 前导关系predecessor activity 前置活动preventive activity 预防措施probability and impact matrix 概率和影响矩阵procedure 规程process 过程process group 过程组procurement 采购procurement documents 采购文档procurement management plan采购管理计划procurement planning 采购规划product 产品product life cycle 产品生命周期product scope 产品范围product scope description 产品范围描述program 大型项目program evaluation and review technique（PERT）计划评审技术program management 大型项目管理program management office 大型项目管理办公室progressive elaboration 渐进明细project 项目project calendar 项目日历project charter 项目章程project communication management 项目沟通管理project cost management 项目成本管理project human resource management 项目人力资源管理project initiation 项目启动project integration management 项目整体管理project life cycle 项目生命周期project management（PM）项目管理project management body of knowledge（PMBOK）项目管理知识体系project management information system 项目管理信息系统project management knowledge area 项目管理知识域project management office（PMO）项目管理办公室project management plan 项目管理计划project management process 项目管理过程project management process group 项目管理过程组project management professional（PMP）项目管理专业人员project management software 项目管理软件project management system 项目管理系统project management team 项目管理团队project manager （PM）项目经理project network diagram 项目网络图project organization chart 项目组织章程project phase 项目阶段project plan 项目计划project plandevelopment 项目计划开发project planexecution 项目计划实施project planning 项目规划project process groups 项目过程组project procurement management 项目采购管理project quality management 项目质量管理project risk management 项目风险管理project schedule 项目进度project schedule network diagram 项目进度网络图project scope 项目范围project scope management 项目范围管理project scope management plan 项目范围管理计划project scope statement 项目范围说明书project sponsor 项目发起人project stakeholder 项目干系人project summary work breakdown structure（PSWBS）项目概要工作分解结构project team 项目团队project team directory 项目团队名录project team members 项目团队成员project time management 项目时间管理project work 项目工作projected organization 项目型组织quality 质量qualitative risk analysis 定性风险分析quality management plan 项目质量计划quality planning 制定项目质量计划quality assurance（QA）质量保证quality control（QC）质量控制quantitative risk analysis 定量风险分析regulation 规章reliability 可靠性remaining duration（RDU）剩余历时request 请求request for information 信息请求request for proposal（RFP）方案征集书request for quotation（RFQ）报价请求request seller responses 请求卖方回应requested change 已申请的变更requirement 需求reserve 预留reserve 预留分析resource 资源resource breakdown structure（RBS）资源分解结构resource calendar 资源日历resource-constrained schedule 资源受限的进度resource histogram 资源图resource leveling 资源平衡resource-limited schedule 资源受限的进度resource planning 资源规划responsibility 责任responsibility assignment matrix（RAM）责任分配矩阵responsibility chart 责任图responsibility matrix 责任分配矩阵result 成果retain age 保证金rework 返工risk 风险risk acceptance 风险接受risk avoidance 风险规避risk breakdown structure（RBS）风险分解结构risk category 风险类别risk database 风险数据库risk event 突发事件risk identification 风险识别risk management plan 风险管理计划risk management planning编制风险管理计划risk mitigation 风险缓解risk monitoring and control风险监督和控制risk register 风险登记表risk response planning 制定风险应对计划risk responsecontrol 风险应对控制risk responsedevelopment 风险应对开发risk transference 风险转移role 角色rolling wave planning 滚动式计划root cause analysis 根本原因分析S-curve S曲线schedule 进度计划schedule activity 进度活动scheduleanalysis 进度分析schedulecompression 进度压缩schedulecontrol 进度控制schedule development 进度制定schedule management plan进度管理计划schedule milestone 进度里程碑schedule model 进度模型schedule network analysis进度网络分析scheduleperformance index（SPI）进度绩效指数schedulevariance（SV）进度偏差scheduled finish date（SF）计划结束日期scheduled start date（SS）计划开始日期scope 范围scope baseline 范围基线scope change 范围变更scope change control 范围变更控制scope control 范围控制scope creep 范围蔓延scope definition 范围定义scope planning 编制范围管理计划scope verification 范围验证secondary risk 二次风险select sellers 卖方选择sellers 卖方sensitivity analysis 敏感度分析service 服务should-cost estimate 理想成本估算simulation 模拟skill 技能slack 松弛量solicitation 询价，询价规范special cause 特定原因specification 规格说明书specification limits 规格限定sponsor 发起人、出资方staff 人员配备staff acquisition 工作人员招募staffing management plan 人员配备管理计划stakeholder 项目干系人standard 标准start 开始startdate 开始日期start-to-finish（SF）开始到完成关系start-to-start（SS）开始到开始关系statement of work（SOW）工作说明书strengths，weaknesses，opportunities，and threats（SWOT）analysisSWOT分析sub 子subnet 子网subnet work 子网络sub phase 子阶段sub project 子项目successor 后续successor activity 后续活动summary activity 汇总活动system 系统target 目标，预定target completion date（TC）预定完成时间target finish date（TF）预定结束时间target schedule 预定进度target startdate（TS）预定开始时间task 任务team 团队team development 团队建设team members 团队成员technical performance measurement技术性能测量technique 技术template 模板threat 威胁three-point estimate 三点估算threshold 阀值time and material（T&M）contract工时和材料合同time-scaled schedule network diagram 时标进度网络图time-scaled network diagram 时标网络图tool 工具total float（TF）总时差total quality management（TQM）全面质量管理trend analysis 趋势分析triggers 触发条件triple constraint 三约束user 用户validation 确认value engineering价值工程variance 差异variance analysis 差异分析verification 验证virtual team 虚拟团队voice of the customer顾客意见war room 指挥部work 工作work authorization 工作授权work authorization system 工作授权体系work breakdown structure（WBS）工作分解结构work breakdown structure component 工作分解结构部件work breakdown structure dictionary 工作分解结构字典work item 工作项work package 工作包work performance information 工作绩效信息workaround 风险应急。