第三章一基础句型（1）S+VNobody went out.The children are playing.(2) S+V+OWe love our country.Granny looks after the baby carefully.They put up a new hospital.He dreamed a horrible dream last night.(3) S+V+O+OHe gave his sister the piano.He bought his wife a fur coat.The old man gave a story book to the boy.(4) S+V+O+CI found the book easy.They held him hostage.I heard him singing.(5) S+L+PTrees are green.The milk tastes sour.She became a lawyer.感观动词：seem，appear，look，taste，smell ，sound ，feel变化过程动词：become，get，grow，turn，go，come ，fall保持状态动词：be，stay，remain，keep，continue，stand二句子成分主语谓语宾语定语状语补语表语同位语Samuel Pepys , the famous writer of the test，was most sorry for the fact that many famous buildings were destroyed. 同位语从句独立成分：与句子的其他成分没有语法上的联系如：感叹语呼语插入语Hi , Tracy, you look tired.What’s more, their parents allow them to stay out.As a result, it became a success in the US.三动名词：含义（1）做主语：According to the writer of the test, imaging the future will serve the interests of the present and future generations.It’s no use buying a lot of books without reading them.(2) 做表语：His job is teaching physics.Seeing is believing.(3) 做宾语：Our monitor suggested having a discussion of this subject.We are looking forward to visiting your country.(4)做定语：There is a swimming pool at the back of the garden四分词：动词的另一种形式，是谓语动词There was a terrible noise following the sudden burst of light.（主动）The first test-books written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.(1)具有形容词作用：表定补（补）Seeing the sun rising above the surface of the sea, we let out a shout of joy.(宾补)Dad missed a step and fell, sending my new suitcases rolling down the stairs.(2)做定语：I like that dancing girl, exciting news.(3) 做表语：They got very excited.His speech is very encouraging.The novel is very well written.(3)分词起到副词的作用，做状语原因：Not knowing his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill.条件：Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.伴随：The secretary worked late into the night, preparing a long speech for the president.五动词不定式：to do/not to do 句中不能单独做谓语（1）做主语：To learn English is a pleasure to me.To scold her would not be just.Is it necessary to complete the design before National Day?（2）做表语：The best treatment for fatness is to reduce the internal fat.Either you or the headmaster is to hand out the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting. （3）做宾语：We agreed to meet here, but so far she has not turned up yet.They are planning to visit China next year.（4）做补足语：I’ll try to get her to see the doctor.Mrs Smith warned her daughter never to drive after drinking.（5）做定语：He is always the first one to get up.The roof fell before he had time to dash into the room to save his baby. (6) 做状语After eating my dinner quickly, I went to the railway station to see my friend off.(目的)Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.第四章一名词性从句（1）主语从句Whether we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.It is strange that she did not come yesterday.It is a great pity that he should have said so.(2) 表语从句The question is whether it is worth doing.It looks as if it is going to rain.That was why he fell ill.(3)宾语从句I remember when this used to be a quiet village.These photographs will show you what our village looks like.Do you remember how he came?(4)同位语从句The news that we’ll go on a picnic this Sunday isn’t true.I had no idea that you were here.二定语从句分类：限定性定语从句，非限定性定语从句引导词：关系代词引导，关系副词引导(1)修饰人：that whoI was the only person in my office who was invited.He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.(2)修饰物that whichWhen you want to see if a library has the book that you want, you can use the catalogue.在从句中所作成分：主语，宾语（动宾介宾）宾语时：动词可以省掉引导词（第三个句子）介宾时只能用which 来引导Is this the dictionary for which you paid for five dollars.The house in which we live in is not large.关系副词：When=in/on/at whichWhere=in/at whichWhy=for whichI’ll never forget the day when (on which) I first came Beijing.The house where/in which we live is not large.The reason why/for which he didn’t come to school yesterday is that he was ill.两种特殊从句As Engels pointed out, labour created man himself.As anybody can see, this elephant is like a snake.They said they were French, which wasn’t true.The clock struck thirteen, which made everyone laugh.三副词性从句：状语从句1．时间状语从句：When he comes, I will let you know.Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up before I could answer the phone.2．地点状语从句Where there is a will, there is a way.After the war, a new school building was put up where there had once been a theatre.3．原因状语从句I don’t like apples because they are sweet.Since you don’t like to do it, I’ll ask someone else.4．条件状语从句So long as you study hard, you will make great progress.I case she comes, let me know.5．让步状语从句Although she is young, she knows quite a lot.Clever as he is, he doesn’t study well.6．方式状语从句The students did as their teacher told them.She stood at the door as if she were waiting for someone.7．目的状语从句I hurried so that I wouldn’t be late for class.He got up early in order that he could get there in time.8．结果状语从句This is so great a meeting-room that it can seat about 50 people.She told us such an interesting story that we all forget the time.9．比较状语从句John plays football as well as, if not better than, David.He is taller than I.第五章一并列平行关系二插入语三倒装句全部倒装Here comes the bus.部分倒装Have you seen my glasses.(1)疑问句倒装Is this raincoat yours?(2)there be 句型倒装There once lived in the house an old hunter.(3)省掉if 时将were, had, should 等置于主语之前倒装Should it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to…..Were it not for the atmosphere, the stars could be seen shining at any time.(4)so, neither, nor 引导的倒装He has been to Beijing . So have I.(5)here, there, now then 开头且谓语动词是be(或come, go)的句子用倒装Here are some advertisements about English language training from newspapers.There goes the bell.Here he comes.(6)as 引导的让步状语从句用倒装语序Clever as he is, he doesn’t study well.Much as I hate him, I will not kill him.(7)感叹句时可用倒装May your country become rich and strong.Long live the People’s Republic of China.(8)only修饰的壮语位于句首时倒装Only then did I realize that I was wrong.Only in this way can you make progress in your English.(9)否定词前置倒装Never shall I do that again.Hardly did I know about it.not, no，never, little , hardly, scarcely, barely, not until, neither…nor, in no time, not only…but also, no sooner…than, hardly…when, in no way, by no means(10)so…that, such…that 用于句首So shallow is the lake that no fish can live in it.。