沪教牛津版八年级下Unit 3 讲解及练习基础知识：短语1.a kind of...... 一种 cutting 剪纸to到达（某数量、程度等）；至多有 off 出发、动身....around 拴....在...的周围 piece of一片、一条and down起伏、上下波动 the front of 在...的前面...into 把...扔进 dark天黑后、黄昏后more 不再、再也不 up 抬头看、查询up 抚养、养育、教养 of 数百万...from...用....做成 the time一直...into把...变成 on 上演out 剪成 made of 由...做成the shape of 以......的形状 to 靠近one’s attention得到某人的关注 up张贴、挂句型ed to do sth过去常常做某事 sth to do sth 用...去做某事3.be good at doing sth擅长做某事 ready for sth 为...做好准备5.keep sb/sth adj 使某人/某物....6.be used to do sth 被用来做某事7.be used to doing sth 习惯于做某事8.make sb/sth adj 使某人/某物....9.as+adj原级+as 和......一样语法：被动语态nets are required for this type of fishing.这种捕鱼方式不需要网。

fishing was once pratised in lots of places in South-East China...曾经中国东南部很多地方从事鸬鹚捕鱼业......music show will be held in the school hall at . on Tuesday, 4 May.5月4日星期二下午4点，将在学校大厅举行音乐表演。

说明：句1是一般现在时的被动语态，句2是一般过去时的被动语态，句3是一般将来时的被动语态。

英语的语态有主动和被动两种：主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。

1.基本构成be+过去分词Football is played all over the world. 足球风靡世界。

Is it made of bamboo? 它是用竹子做的吗？2.基本变法We Visited that factory last summer →主动语态主语谓语宾语其余部分That factory was visited by us last summer →被动语态主语谓语宾语其余部分宾语提前做主语，主语变为介词by的宾语，谓语变为be+过去分词，时态根据主动语态来确定。

3.省去by的几个条件(1)不知道、没必要或不想说出动作的执行者。

Rice is grown well there.(2)强调说明动作的承受者I was sent to teach them English.(3)汉语中有“据说、大家说”等It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house.4.各种时态的被动语态(1)一般现在时的被动语态am/is/are+过去分词I am often given gifts by Tom.The things on show are all made in China.Is the room cleaned everyday?(2)一般过去时的被动语态was/were+过去分词Jim was asked to go there.The visitors were stopped from leaving the top of the mountain by the heavy snow.(3)一般将来时的被动语态will be+过去分词或者am/is/are+过去分词Lots of trees will be planted on the hill next year.The children won’t be allowed to go out at night.Is the bridge going to be built by the workers next year?5.特殊情况：复合宾语的被动语态感官动词和使役动词在主动句中，其后的动词不定式不带to，但变被动句时必须加上to.主动：The boss made her work for 10 hours a day.被动：she was made to work for 10 hours a day.练习：1.---Didn’t you see the sigh “No Parking!” on the right?---Sorry, I didn’t. But now I know parking _______ here.’t allowed ’t allowed ’t allow ’t allow_____ to the party. She had a wonderful time with us.invited invited invitednew park _______ in our hometown next year.----Really? Our hometown must be more beautiful.build be built builtme, I’m looking for Be the Best of Yourself.----Sorry. The book you ask for is ______ out.selling out sold selling be sold5. Each year quite a lot of food ______ around the world. It’s really time for us to do something.wasted wasted be wasted_____ along the road last year.planted planted7. It is said a new museum _______ in our city next year.building be built builtshe like singing English songs?---Yes, she_____ to sing English songs in her room.does often heard hears heard练习：一、根据提示完成单词1. What does your mother look like? Can you d_______ her?2. Tom often takes exercise, so he is very f______.3. You need a pair of s_______ to make paper cuttings.4. The flight will r_______ Beijing at 9:00. Let’s pick her up at the airport.5. My grandfather is a f_______. He makes a living by fishing.二、用所给词语的适当形式填空6.Tom often practises _________ (speak) Chinese with his friend.7.There are two __________(fisherman) on the boat.8.Glass is _________(made) into bottles.9.Young trees require __________(plant) in Spring.10.I like the kite very much. It’s very ________(love).三、单选11.Half an hour ______ , they returned school., Moyan’s novel, please.---Sorry, it______ just now. But it will come out again soon.been sold out sold out sold out sold out13. Today, the forests have almost gone; we must stop people _____ down too many trees.cut cutting cut14. ______ people come to Jilin to visit Mount Changbai every year.A. Millions ofB. Million ofC. MillionsD. Million15. I know ______ about Japanese. You may go and ask him.few littleclassroom is really bright and clean.---It____ after school every day.cleaned cleanedsoon ______ all the work_____?----In a week.;finish ;going to finish ;be finished ;going to be finished18.---The bed looks very nice. What’s it made ______?----Wood, and it is made _____ Shanghai.;in ;in ;on ;at19.---Look at the _______,madam. The red skirt is smaller than the blue one.---Yeah. The read one suits me better, I think.20.Uncle Wang used to ______ a newspaper at home after supper. But now he is used to _____out for a walk.;go ;go ;going ;going四、完形填空Kites are made of thin sticks and paper. Most people have seen a kite ride and dip (上下翻飞) in a strong March __21__ or have flown __22__. But not so many people know that the Chinese were making and flying kites even __23__ people were writing.A long time passed, the Chinese made kites to __24__ in wars. They would fly these war kites at night. The kites were fixed __25__ they made strange sounds. The enemies (敌人) were __26__ and ran away. They __27__ those strange sounds were made by spirits in the sky.The Chinese people also flew kites to __28__ good luck and to make their __29__ rich and tall. Sometimes they would fly the kites __30__ water, pulling hooks (钩子) hung down to catch fish.( ) 21. A. rain B. wind C. clouds D. snow( ) 22. A. one B. it C. that D. them( ) 23. A. until B. because C. while D. before( ) 24. A. play B. move C. use D. put( ) 25. A. so that B. or C. but D. though( ) 26. A. fearless B. wounded C. frightened D. horrible( ) 27. A. saw B. found C. decided D. thought( ) 28. A. put B. bring C. take D. find( ) 29. A. families B. crops C. villages D. Lives( ) 30. A. over B. in C. on D. Towards五、阅读Should calligraphy (书法) be taught at school?Although in an information age, most things can be found or done on the computer, we should go back to handwriting by using a brush and ink. Some people think students should study calligraphy at school. Calligraphy is part of our old culture. It dates back to early times. Traditional calligraphy is well worth learning. The Chinese need to carry on with it. What's more, calligraphy is fine art, more thanwriting. Written Chinese is well known for its beauty. For example, every stroke (笔画) of a character shows richness, feeling, energy and so on. Even foreigners enjoy looking at it for its beauty. If you are good at it, it is certainly a way of self-cultivation (自我陶冶). It often helps build up one's personality. Are you going to learn it soon?( )31. Our time is called an information age.( )32. Calligraphy is part of Chinese culture.( )33. There is nothing in Chinese writing.( )34. Only foreigners enjoy the beauty of calligraphy.( )35. The writer thinks that calligraphy should be taught at school六、句型转换36.He didn’t go for a walk after dinner anymore.(改为同义句)He _________ _________ went for a walk after dinner.37.I know him, but I don’t know where he lives.(改为同义句)_________ know him, I don’t know where he lives.38. I’ll call you as soon as I arrive in HK.(改为同义句)I’ll call you as soon as _________ HK.39.When did he set out last night?(改为同义句)When did he _________ _________ last night?40.She put the camera on the bed just now. (改为被动语态)The camera _________ _________ on the bed by her just now.。