ropt 1.01670 1.01772 1.02178 1.02687 1.03195 1.03703 1.04212 R/Rmin 1.000 1.001 1.005 1.01 1.015 1.02 1.025年总费用1344560.331329387.811318482.11314378131418813144461314831.5% 2.37% 1.22%0.39%0.07%0.06%0.08%0.11% ropt 1.04720 1.05228 1.05533 1.05737 1.06754 1.07770 1.08787 R/Rmin 1.03 1.035 1.038 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07年总费用1316669131808413189261319446132355513271491331896%0.25%0.36%0.42%0.46%0.77% 1.05% 1.41% ropt 1.09804 1.10820 1.11837 1.22004 1.32171 1.42338 1.52505 R/Rmin 1.08 1.09 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5年总费用1336073134051613484191399738145355015096671566271% 1.73% 2.06% 2.67% 6.57%10.67%14.94%19.25% ropt 1.62672 1.72839 1.83006 1.93173 2.033400R/Rmin 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9200年总费用162348516806581741322179836518565011557936.51607201.2%36.56%41.37%46.48%51.27%56.16%31.05%35.19%附录二甲醇—水汽液平衡数据(摩尔组成)t x y t x y 100.000.000.00075.300.400.729 96.400.020.13473.100.500.779 93.500.040.23471.200.600.825 91.200.060.30469.300.700.870 89.300.080.36567.600.800.915 87.700.100.41866.000.900.958 84.400.150.51765.000.950.979 81.700.200.57964.50 1.00 1.000 78.000.300.665附录一甲醇—水系统的主要物理性质附录三优化设计程序源代码优化程序'定义全局变量Dim J1#, J2#, J3#, J4#, JJ#Dim N#, R#, Ropt#Dim lilunbanshu#, jinliaoweizhi%, tajing#, chukouwendu#, chuanremianji#, zongtagao#, tiliuduanbanshu#, jinliuduanbanshu#Dim XF#, F#, q#, XD#, D#, td#, rD#, po#, u#, Rmin#, t1#, Cw#, Cp#, SI#, HETP# Dim Co#, HA#, f1#, f2#, a#, b#, FL#, θ#, ρ#, bo#, Fc#'优化所需参数Public Sub Form_Load()XF = 0.3151: F = 402.34: q = 1XD = 0.982: D = 128.97: td = 64.93: rD = 35373.48: po = 101.3u = 5.4464: Rmin = 1.0167t1 = 20: Cw = 0.0002: Cp = 4.1875: Co = 0.03: cpa = 15674.4HETP = 0.462: HA = 6f1 = 1: f2 = 6.5: a = 487: b = 0.72: SI = 3.73FL = 6.22: θ= 7200: ρ= 7860: bo = 0.005: Fc = 0.125Text1.T ext = 402.34Text2.T ext = 0.3151Text3.T ext = 128.97Text4.T ext = 0.982Text5.T ext = 35373.48Text7.T ext = 1Text8.T ext = 1.0167 Text9.T ext = 7200 Text10.T ext = 3.73 Text11.T ext = 0.125 Text12.T ext = 6.22 Text13.T ext = 0.005 Text14.T ext = 7860 Text15.T ext = 5.4464 Text16.T ext = 0.462 Text17.T ext = 6Text18.T ext = 15674.4 Text19.T ext = 0.0002 Text20.T ext = 4.1875 Text21.T ext = 20 Text22.T ext = 2000 Text23.T ext = 1Text24.T ext = 6.5 Text25.T ext = 487 Text26.T ext = 0.72 Text27.T ext = 0.03Text29.T ext = 2 Text30.T ext = 0.0001 Text31.T ext = " " Text32.T ext = " " Text33.T ext = " " Text34.T ext = " " Text35.T ext = " " Text36.T ext = " " Text37.T ext = " " Text38.T ext = " " Text39.T ext = " " Text40.T ext = " " Text41.T ext = " " Text42.T ext = " " Text43.T ext = " " Text44.T ext = " " Text45.T ext = " " Text46.T ext = " " Text47.T ext = " " End Sub'主程序Private Sub Command1_Click() '菲波拿契法求RoptDim Aa#, Bb#, W#(1 To 50), i%, K%, N#, M%, R1#, R2#, ε# Dim JJ1#, JJ2#Aa = 1.01 * Rmin: Bb = 2 * Rmin '搜索区间[Aa,Bb]W(1) = 1: W(2) = 2: W(3) = 3: i = 1: ε= 0.0001Do While W(i + 2) <= ((Bb - Aa) / ε)i = i + 1W(i + 2) = W(i) + W(i + 1)LoopR1 = Aa + (Bb - Aa) * W(i) / W(i + 2): JJ1 = j(R1)N = i + 2: K = 1: M = 0Do While K <> N - 1If M = 0 ThenR2 = Aa + (Bb - Aa) * W(N - K) / W(N - K + 1)JJ2 = j(R2)ElseR1 = Aa + (Bb - Aa) * W(N - K - 1) / W(N - K + 1)JJ1 = j(R1)End IfIf JJ1 < JJ2 ThenBb = R2: R2 = R1: JJ2 = JJ1: M = 1 ElseAa = R1: R1 = R2: JJ1 = JJ2: M = 0 End IfK = K + 1LoopR = (Aa + Bb) / 2Ropt = RJJ = j(R)Text31.T ext = RoptText32.T ext = RminText45.T ext = Ropt / RminText33.T ext = lilunbanshuText34.T ext = zongtagaoText40.T ext = J1Text41.T ext = J2Text42.T ext = J3Text43.T ext = J4Text44.T ext = JJText37.T ext = tajingText38.T ext = chukouwenduText39.T ext = chuanremianjiText46.T ext = Ropt * DText47.T ext = (Ropt + 1) * DText35.T ext = tiliuduanbanshu * HETP Text36.T ext = jinliuduanbanshu * HETP End Sub'J函数Public Function j(R#) As DoubleCall jjj1(R#, J1#)Call jjj2(R#, J2#)Call jjj3(R#, J3#)Call jjj4(R#, J4#)j = J1 + J2 + J3 + J4End Function'求J1Public Sub jjj1(R#, J1#)Dim DT#, H#, Ws#, CH#Call tabanshu(R#, N#)DT = Sqr((R + 1) * D * 22.4 / (3600 * 0.785 * u) * (273 + td) / 273 * 101.3 / po)H = N * HETP + HAWs = 3.14 * DT * (H + 0.8116 * DT) * bo * ρ'ρ为碳钢的密度CH = FL * Exp(6.95 + 0.1808 * Log(Ws) + 0.02468 * (Log(Ws)) ^ 2 + 0.0158 * H / DT) J1 = SI * (Fc + 0.06) * CHtajing = DTzongtagao = HEnd Sub'求J2Public Sub jjj2(R#, J2#)Dim xx1#, xx0#, CD#, ff#, df#, t2#, AD#, KD#KD = 2000: xx1 = 70Do '牛顿迭代法求冷却水最佳出口温度t2xx0 = xx1CD = 1.3 * SI * a * b * f1 * f2 * Fc * ((R + 1) * D * rD / (td - t1)) ^ (b - 1) / KD ^ bff = -Cw * θ/ Cp + CD * ((xx0 - 1) / xx0 / Log(xx0)) ^ (1 - b) * (xx0 - 1 - Log(xx0))df = CD * ((xx0 - 1) / xx0 / Log(xx0)) ^ (2 - b) * ((b - 1) * (xx0 - 1 - Log(xx0)) ^ 2 / (xx0 - 1) ^ 2 + Log(xx0))xx1 = xx0 - ff / dfLoop Until Abs(xx1 - xx0) < 0.000001t2 = td - (td - t1) / xx1 't2optchukouwendu = t2AD = (R + 1) * D * rD * Log((td - t1) / (td - t2)) / KD / (t2 - t1) '传热面积chuanremianji = ADJ2 = Cw * θ* (R + 1) * D * rD / Cp / (t2 - t1) + 1.3 * SI * Fc * f1 * f2 * a * AD ^ b End Sub'求J3Public Sub jjj3(R#, J3#)Dim Z#, Cz#Cz = 0.03Z = ((R + 1) * D - (1 - q) * F) * 18J3 = Z * Cz * θEnd Sub'求J4Public Sub jjj4(R#, J4#)Dim ho#, cpa!, HETP!cpa = 15674.4: HETP = 0.462Call tabanshu(R#, N#)ho = N * HETPDT = Sqr((R + 1) * D * 22.4 / (3600 * 0.785 * u) * (273 + td) / 273 * 101.3 / po)J4 = 3.14 / 4 * DT ^ 2 * ho * cpa * FcEnd Sub'塔板数的计算Public Sub tabanshu(R#, N#)Dim ye#, XW#Dim X!(100), Y!(100), xx!(100), i%, n1#td = 64.93: F = 402.34: XD = 0.982: XF = 0.3151: ηd = 0.999: D = 128.97: Rmin = 1.0167V = (R + 1) * D: W = F + V - D: XW = (F * XF - D * XD) / Wi = 1: Y(1) = 0.982: X(1) = 0.9702DoIf X(i) > XF ThenY(i + 1) = R * X(i) / (R + 1) + XD / (R + 1)n1 = i + 1 + (X(i) - XF) / (X(i) - X(i + 1))ElseY(i + 1) = W * (X(i) - XW) / VIf X(i) < XW Then Exit DoEnd Ifi = i + 1xx(i) = (Y(i) / (3.3874 * (1 - Y(i)))) ^ (1 / 0.7977)X(i) = xx(i) / (1 + xx(i))LoopN = i - 1 + (X(i - 1) - XW) / (X(i - 1) - X(i))lilunbanshu = Ntiliuduanbanshu = n1jinliuduanbanshu = N - n1End Sub调整ROPT程序：'定义全局变量Dim J1#, J2#, J3#, J4#, JJ#Dim N#, R#, Ropt#Dim lilunbanshu#, jinliaoweizhi%, tajing#, chukouwendu#, chuanremianji#,zongtagao#, tiliuduanbanshu#, jinliuduanbanshu#Dim XF#, F#, q#, XD#, D#, td#, rD#, po#, u#, Rmin#, t1#, Cw#, Cp#, SI#, HETP# Dim Co#, HA#, f1#, f2#, a#, b#, FL#, θ#, ρ#, bo#, Fc#'优化所需参数Public Sub Form_Load()XF = 0.3151: F = 402.34: q = 1XD = 0.982: D = 128.97: td = 64.93: rD = 35373.48: po = 101.3u = 5.4464: Rmin = 1.0167t1 = 20: Cw = 0.0002: Cp = 4.1875: Co = 0.03: cpa = 15674.4HETP = 0.462: HA = 6f1 = 1: f2 = 6.5: a = 487: b = 0.72: SI = 3.73FL = 6.22: θ= 7200: ρ= 7860: bo = 0.005: Fc = 0.125Text1.T ext = 402.34Text2.T ext = 0.3151Text3.T ext = 128.97Text4.T ext = 0.982Text5.T ext = 35373.48Text6.T ext = 64.93Text7.T ext = 1Text8.T ext = 1.0167Text9.T ext = 7200Text11.T ext = 0.125 Text12.T ext = 6.22 Text13.T ext = 0.005 Text14.T ext = 7860 Text15.T ext = 5.4464 Text16.T ext = 0.462 Text17.T ext = 6Text18.T ext = 15674.4 Text19.T ext = 0.0002 Text20.T ext = 4.1875 Text21.T ext = 20 Text22.T ext = 2000 Text23.T ext = 1Text24.T ext = 6.5 Text25.T ext = 487 Text26.T ext = 0.72 Text27.T ext = 0.03 Text28.T ext = 1.01 Text29.T ext = 2Text30.T ext = 0.0001 Text31.T ext = " "Text33.T ext = " "Text34.T ext = " "Text35.T ext = " "Text36.T ext = " "Text37.T ext = " "Text38.T ext = " "Text39.T ext = " "Text40.T ext = " "Text41.T ext = " "Text42.T ext = " "Text43.T ext = " "Text44.T ext = " "Text45.T ext = " "Text46.T ext = " "Text47.T ext = " "End Sub'主程序Private Sub Command1_Click() '菲波拿契法求RoptRopt = RJJ = j(R)Text32.T ext = RminText45.T ext = Ropt / RminText33.T ext = lilunbanshuText34.T ext = zongtagaoText40.T ext = J1Text41.T ext = J2Text42.T ext = J3Text43.T ext = J4Text44.T ext = JJText37.T ext = tajingText38.T ext = chukouwenduText39.T ext = chuanremianjiText46.T ext = Ropt * DText47.T ext = (Ropt + 1) * DText35.T ext = tiliuduanbanshu * HETP Text36.T ext = jinliuduanbanshu * HETP End Sub'J函数Public Function j(R#) As DoubleCall jjj1(R#, J1#)Call jjj2(R#, J2#)Call jjj3(R#, J3#)Call jjj4(R#, J4#)j = J1 + J2 + J3 + J4End Function'求J1Public Sub jjj1(R#, J1#)Dim DT#, H#, Ws#, CH#Call tabanshu(R#, N#)DT = Sqr((R + 1) * D * 22.4 / (3600 * 0.785 * u) * (273 + td) / 273 * 101.3 / po) If DT < 1 ThenDT = Int(DT * 10 + 1) / 10ElseDT = Int(DT * 5 + 1) * 0.2End IfH = N * HETP + HAWs = 3.14 * DT * (H + 0.8116 * DT) * bo * ρ'ρ为碳钢的密度CH = FL * Exp(6.95 + 0.1808 * Log(Ws) + 0.02468 * (Log(Ws)) ^ 2 + 0.0158 * H / DT) J1 = SI * (Fc + 0.06) * CHtajing = DTzongtagao = HEnd Sub'求J2Public Sub jjj2(R#, J2#)Dim xx1#, xx0#, CD#, ff#, df#, t2#, AD#, KD#KD = 2000: xx1 = 70Do '牛顿迭代法求冷却水最佳出口温度t2xx0 = xx1CD = 1.3 * SI * a * b * f1 * f2 * Fc * ((R + 1) * D * rD / (td - t1)) ^ (b - 1) / KD ^ bff = -Cw * θ/ Cp + CD * ((xx0 - 1) / xx0 / Log(xx0)) ^ (1 - b) * (xx0 - 1 - Log(xx0))df = CD * ((xx0 - 1) / xx0 / Log(xx0)) ^ (2 - b) * ((b - 1) * (xx0 - 1 - Log(xx0)) ^ 2 / (xx0 - 1) ^ 2 + Log(xx0))xx1 = xx0 - ff / dfLoop Until Abs(xx1 - xx0) < 0.000001t2 = td - (td - t1) / xx1 't2optchukouwendu = t2AD = (R + 1) * D * rD * Log((td - t1) / (td - t2)) / KD / (t2 - t1) '传热面积chuanremianji = ADJ2 = Cw * θ* (R + 1) * D * rD / Cp / (t2 - t1) + 1.3 * SI * Fc * f1 * f2 * a * AD ^ b End Sub'求J3Public Sub jjj3(R#, J3#)Dim Z#, Cz#Cz = 0.03Z = ((R + 1) * D - (1 - q) * F) * 18J3 = Z * Cz * θEnd Sub'求J4Public Sub jjj4(R#, J4#)Dim ho#, cpa!, HETP!cpa = 15674.4: HETP = 0.462Call tabanshu(R#, N#)ho = N * HETPDT = Sqr((R + 1) * D * 22.4 / (3600 * 0.785 * u) * (273 + td) / 273 * 101.3 / po)J4 = 3.14 / 4 * DT ^ 2 * ho * cpa * FcEnd Sub'塔板数的计算Public Sub tabanshu(R#, N#)Dim ye#, XW#Dim X!(100), Y!(100), xx!(100), i%, n1#td = 64.93: F = 402.34: XD = 0.982: XF = 0.3151: ηd = 0.999: D = 128.97: Rmin = 1.0167V = (R + 1) * D: W = F + V - D: XW = (F * XF - D * XD) / Wi = 1: Y(1) = 0.982: X(1) = 0.9702DoIf X(i) > XF ThenY(i + 1) = R * X(i) / (R + 1) + XD / (R + 1)n1 = i + 1 + (X(i) - XF) / (X(i) - X(i + 1))ElseY(i + 1) = W * (X(i) - XW) / VIf X(i) < XW Then Exit DoEnd Ifi = i + 1xx(i) = (Y(i) / (3.3874 * (1 - Y(i)))) ^ (1 / 0.7977) X(i) = xx(i) / (1 + xx(i))LoopN = i - 1 + (X(i - 1) - XW) / (X(i - 1) - X(i))lilunbanshu = Ntiliuduanbanshu = n1jinliuduanbanshu = N - n1End Sub目录1 前言------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12 方案论证2.1 精馏塔类型----------------------------------------------------------------------------------12.2 精馏压力-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 2.3 进料方式-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 2.4 填料类型-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 2.5 加热方式-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 2.6 塔材料类型----------------------------------------------------------------------------------23 数学模型的建立3.1 精馏塔塔体年投资折旧费及维修费用-------------------------------------------------33.2 冷凝器年运转费用-------------------------------------------------------------------------43.3 直接蒸汽加热费用-------------------------------------------------------------------------53.4 填料年折旧费-------------------------------------------------- --54 数学模型的求解4.1 数学模型决策变量分析-------------------------------------------------------------------54.2 主要工艺参数的求解----------------------------------------------------------------------54.2.1 塔径的计算-----------------------------------------------------------------------------54.2.2 塔板数的计算-------------------------------------------------------------------------64.2.2.1 相平衡关系的表示--------------------------------------------------------------64.2.2.2 N的计算--------------------------------------------------------------------------64.2.3 冷凝器年运转费用的计算------------------ ----------------------- ----------------74.2.3.1 冷却水用量及冷凝器传热面积的计算- -------------------------------------74.2.3.2 冷凝器冷却水最佳出口温度的确定-----------------------------------------74.2.4 直接加热蒸气费用的计算----------------------------------------------------------84.3 数学模型的求解------------------------------------------------------- --------------------84.3.1 单变量最优化方法--------------------------------------------- ----------------------84.3.2 优化设计程序框图-------------------------------------------- -----------------------84.3.2.1 函数调用关系--------------------------------------------------------------------95 优化设计计算5.1 数据预处理---------------------------------------------------------------------------------105.1.1 进塔物料的计算----------------------------------------------------------------------105.1.2 塔顶蒸气温度的计算----------------------------------------------------------------105.1.3 等板高度的计算----------------------------------------------------------------------10Ⅰ5.1.4 产品汽化潜热的计算----------------------------------------------------------------115.1.5 最小回流比的确定-------------------------------------------------------------------115.1.6 填料单价的计算----------------------------------------------------------------------115.1.7 空塔气速的计算----------------------------------------------------------------------115.2. 塔径的计算---------------------------------------------------------------------------------135.3 填料层高度的计算-------------------------------------------------------------------------135.4 精馏塔塔体年投资折旧费及维修费用的计算-----------------------------------------135.5 冷凝器年运转费用的计算----------------------------------------------------------------145.5.1 冷凝器冷却水最佳出口温度的确定----------------------------------------------145.5.2 冷却水用量及冷凝器传热面积的计算-------------------------------------------145.5.3 精馏塔塔体年投资折旧费及维修费用的计算----------------------------------155.6 再沸器年运转费用的计算----------------------------------------------------------------155.7 填料年折旧费用的计算-------------------------------------------------------------------155.8 汽液负荷-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------155.8.1 气相负荷-------------------------------------------------------------------------------155.8.2 液相负荷-------------------------------------------------------------------------------155.9 年总费用与回流比的关系--------------------------------------------------------------156 填料塔水力学性能校核6.1 泛点率校核--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 176.2 径比校核-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17 6.3 喷淋密度校核-------------------------------------------------------------------------------176.4 填料塔压降----------------------------------------------------------------------------------177 附属设备的设计与选型7.1 塔顶冷凝器--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 187.1.1 冷凝器传热量-------------------------------------------------------------------------187.1.2 冷凝器传热推动力-------------------------------------------------------------------187.1.3 初估冷凝器传热面积----------------------------------------------------------------197.1.4 冷凝器传热系数的校核-------------------------------------------------------------197.1.5 冷凝器传热面积的校核-------------------------------------------------------------227.1.6 冷凝器壳程、管程流动阻力-------------------------------------------------------227.2 接管选型------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 247.2.1 进料口接管的选型-------------------------------------------------------------------247.2.2 冷却水接管的选型-------------------------------------------------------------------257.2.3 塔顶蒸气接管选型------------------------------------------------------------------ 25Ⅱ7.2.4 塔顶产品接管选型-------------------------------------------------------------------257.2.5 塔底产品接管选型-------------------------------------------------------------------267.2.6 塔顶产品回流接管选型-------------------------------------------------------------267.2.7 塔底加热蒸气接管选型------------------------------------------------------------- 267.3 冷却水输送泵7.3.1 塔高的计算---------------------------------------------------------------------------277.3.2 冷却水输送泵选型------------------------------------------------------------------277.4 填料支承结构-------------------------------------------------------------------------------287.5 液体分布装置-------------------------------------------------------------------------------287.6 填料压紧装置------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 297.7 液体收集再分布装置----------------------------------------------------------------------298 设计结果汇总------------------------------------------------------------------------------------299 设计心得------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 1参考文献---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 31附录一甲醇和水部分物性参数-----------------------------------------------------------------32附录二甲醇—水汽液平衡数据（摩尔组成）-------------------------------------------------33附录三优化设计程序源代码--------------------------------------------------------------------34化工原理课程设计学生姓名：黄圣楠学号：081000115专业班级：10级生工（1）班____指导教师：张星___2013年1月24日。