ropt 1.01670 1.01772 1.02178 1.02687 1.03195 1.03703 1.04212 R/Rmin 1.000 1.001 1.005 1.01 1.015 1.02 1.025年总费用1344560.33 1329387.811318482.11314831.5% 2.37% 1.22% 0.39% 0.07% 0.06% 0.08% 0.11% ropt 1.04720 1.05228 1.05533 1.05737 1.06754 1.07770 1.08787 R/Rmin 1.03 1.035 1.038 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07年总费用% 0.25% 0.36% 0.42% 0.46% 0.77% 1.05% 1.41% ropt 1.09804 1.10820 1.11837 1.22004 1.32171 1.42338 1.52505 R/Rmin 1.08 1.09 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5年总费用% 1.73% 2.06% 2.67% 6.57% 10.67% 14.94% 19.25% ropt 1.62672 1.72839 1.83006 1.93173 2.0334 0 0R/Rmin 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2 0 0年总费用1557936.51607201.2% 36.56% 41.37% 46.48% 51.27% 56.16% 31.05% 35.19%附录二甲醇—水汽液平衡数据(摩尔组成)t x y t x y100.00 0.00 0.000 75.30 0.40 0.729 96.40 0.02 0.134 73.10 0.50 0.779 93.50 0.04 0.234 71.20 0.60 0.825 91.20 0.06 0.304 69.30 0.70 0.870 89.30 0.08 0.365 67.60 0.80 0.915 87.70 0.10 0.418 66.00 0.90 0.958 84.40 0.15 0.517 65.00 0.95 0.979 81.70 0.20 0.579 64.50 1.00 1.000 78.00 0.30 0.665附录一甲醇—水系统的主要物理性质附录三优化设计程序源代码优化程序'定义全局变量Dim J1#, J2#, J3#, J4#, JJ#Dim N#, R#, Ropt#Dim lilunbanshu#, jinliaoweizhi%, tajing#, chukouwendu#, chuanremianji#, zongtagao#, tiliuduanbanshu#, jinliuduanbanshu#Dim XF#, F#, q#, XD#, D#, td#, rD#, po#, u#, Rmin#, t1#, Cw#, Cp#, SI#, HETP#Dim Co#, HA#, f1#, f2#, a#, b#, FL#, θ#, ρ#, bo#, Fc#'优化所需参数Public Sub Form_Load()XF = 0.3151: F = 402.34: q = 1XD = 0.982: D = 128.97: td = 64.93: rD = 35373.48: po = 101.3u = 5.4464: Rmin = 1.0167t1 = 20: Cw = 0.0002: Cp = 4.1875: Co = 0.03: cpa = 15674.4HETP = 0.462: HA = 6f1 = 1: f2 = 6.5: a = 487: b = 0.72: SI = 3.73FL = 6.22: θ= 7200: ρ= 7860: bo = 0.005: Fc = 0.125Text1.Text = 402.34Text2.Text = 0.3151Text3.Text = 128.97Text4.Text = 0.982Text5.Text = 35373.48Text6.Text = 64.93Text7.Text = 1Text8.Text = 1.0167Text9.Text = 7200Text10.Text = 3.73Text11.Text = 0.125Text12.Text = 6.22Text13.Text = 0.005Text14.Text = 7860Text15.Text = 5.4464Text16.Text = 0.462Text17.Text = 6Text18.Text = 15674.4Text19.Text = 0.0002Text20.Text = 4.1875Text21.Text = 20Text22.Text = 2000Text23.Text = 1Text24.Text = 6.5Text25.Text = 487Text26.Text = 0.72Text27.Text = 0.03Text28.Text = 1.01Text29.Text = 2Text30.Text = 0.0001Text31.Text = " "Text32.Text = " "Text33.Text = " "Text34.Text = " "Text35.Text = " "Text36.Text = " "Text37.Text = " "Text38.Text = " "Text39.Text = " "Text40.Text = " "Text41.Text = " "Text42.Text = " "Text43.Text = " "Text44.Text = " "Text45.Text = " "Text46.Text = " "Text47.Text = " "End Sub'主程序Private Sub Command1_Click() '菲波拿契法求RoptDim Aa#, Bb#, W#(1 To 50), i%, K%, N#, M%, R1#, R2#, ε# Dim JJ1#, JJ2#Aa = 1.01 * Rmin: Bb = 2 * Rmin '搜索区间[Aa,Bb]W(1) = 1: W(2) = 2: W(3) = 3: i = 1: ε= 0.0001Do While W(i + 2) <= ((Bb - Aa) / ε)i = i + 1W(i + 2) = W(i) + W(i + 1)LoopR1 = Aa + (Bb - Aa) * W(i) / W(i + 2): JJ1 = j(R1)N = i + 2: K = 1: M = 0Do While K <> N - 1If M = 0 ThenR2 = Aa + (Bb - Aa) * W(N - K) / W(N - K + 1)JJ2 = j(R2)ElseR1 = Aa + (Bb - Aa) * W(N - K - 1) / W(N - K + 1)JJ1 = j(R1)End IfIf JJ1 < JJ2 ThenBb = R2: R2 = R1: JJ2 = JJ1: M = 1ElseAa = R1: R1 = R2: JJ1 = JJ2: M = 0End IfK = K + 1LoopR = (Aa + Bb) / 2Ropt = RJJ = j(R)Text31.Text = RoptText32.Text = RminText45.Text = Ropt / RminText33.Text = lilunbanshuText34.Text = zongtagaoText40.Text = J1Text41.Text = J2Text42.Text = J3Text43.Text = J4Text44.Text = JJText37.Text = tajingText38.Text = chukouwenduText39.Text = chuanremianjiText46.Text = Ropt * DText47.Text = (Ropt + 1) * DText35.Text = tiliuduanbanshu * HETPText36.Text = jinliuduanbanshu * HETPEnd Sub'J函数Public Function j(R#) As DoubleCall jjj1(R#, J1#)Call jjj2(R#, J2#)Call jjj3(R#, J3#)Call jjj4(R#, J4#)j = J1 + J2 + J3 + J4End Function'求J1Public Sub jjj1(R#, J1#)Dim DT#, H#, Ws#, CH#Call tabanshu(R#, N#)DT = Sqr((R + 1) * D * 22.4 / (3600 * 0.785 * u) * (273 + td) / 273 * 101.3 / po)H = N * HETP + HAWs = 3.14 * DT * (H + 0.8116 * DT) * bo * ρ'ρ为碳钢的密度CH = FL * Exp(6.95 + 0.1808 * Log(Ws) + 0.02468 * (Log(Ws)) ^ 2 + 0.0158 * H / DT)J1 = SI * (Fc + 0.06) * CHtajing = DTzongtagao = HEnd Sub'求J2Public Sub jjj2(R#, J2#)Dim xx1#, xx0#, CD#, ff#, df#, t2#, AD#, KD#KD = 2000: xx1 = 70Do '牛顿迭代法求冷却水最佳出口温度t2xx0 = xx1CD = 1.3 * SI * a * b * f1 * f2 * Fc * ((R + 1) * D * rD / (td - t1)) ^ (b - 1) / KD ^ bff = -Cw * θ/ Cp + CD * ((xx0 - 1) / xx0 / Log(xx0)) ^ (1 - b) * (xx0 - 1 - Log(xx0))df = CD * ((xx0 - 1) / xx0 / Log(xx0)) ^ (2 - b) * ((b - 1) * (xx0 - 1 - Log(xx0)) ^ 2 / (xx0 - 1) ^ 2 + Log(xx0))xx1 = xx0 - ff / dfLoop Until Abs(xx1 - xx0) < 0.000001t2 = td - (td - t1) / xx1 't2optchukouwendu = t2AD = (R + 1) * D * rD * Log((td - t1) / (td - t2)) / KD / (t2 - t1) '传热面积chuanremianji = ADJ2 = Cw * θ* (R + 1) * D * rD / Cp / (t2 - t1) + 1.3 * SI * Fc * f1 * f2 * a * AD ^ bEnd Sub'求J3Public Sub jjj3(R#, J3#)Dim Z#, Cz#Cz = 0.03Z = ((R + 1) * D - (1 - q) * F) * 18J3 = Z * Cz * θEnd Sub'求J4Public Sub jjj4(R#, J4#)Dim ho#, cpa!, HETP!cpa = 15674.4: HETP = 0.462Call tabanshu(R#, N#)ho = N * HETPDT = Sqr((R + 1) * D * 22.4 / (3600 * 0.785 * u) * (273 + td) / 273 * 101.3 / po)J4 = 3.14 / 4 * DT ^ 2 * ho * cpa * FcEnd Sub'塔板数的计算Public Sub tabanshu(R#, N#)Dim ye#, XW#Dim X!(100), Y!(100), xx!(100), i%, n1#td = 64.93: F = 402.34: XD = 0.982: XF = 0.3151: ηd = 0.999: D = 128.97: Rmin = 1.0167V = (R + 1) * D: W = F + V - D: XW = (F * XF - D * XD) / Wi = 1: Y(1) = 0.982: X(1) = 0.9702DoIf X(i) > XF ThenY(i + 1) = R * X(i) / (R + 1) + XD / (R + 1)n1 = i + 1 + (X(i) - XF) / (X(i) - X(i + 1))ElseY(i + 1) = W * (X(i) - XW) / VIf X(i) < XW Then Exit DoEnd Ifi = i + 1xx(i) = (Y(i) / (3.3874 * (1 - Y(i)))) ^ (1 / 0.7977)X(i) = xx(i) / (1 + xx(i))LoopN = i - 1 + (X(i - 1) - XW) / (X(i - 1) - X(i))lilunbanshu = Ntiliuduanbanshu = n1jinliuduanbanshu = N - n1End Sub调整ROPT程序：'定义全局变量Dim J1#, J2#, J3#, J4#, JJ#Dim N#, R#, Ropt#Dim lilunbanshu#, jinliaoweizhi%, tajing#, chukouwendu#, chuanremianji#, zongtagao#, tiliuduanbanshu#, jinliuduanbanshu#Dim XF#, F#, q#, XD#, D#, td#, rD#, po#, u#, Rmin#, t1#, Cw#, Cp#, SI#, HETP#Dim Co#, HA#, f1#, f2#, a#, b#, FL#, θ#, ρ#, bo#, Fc#'优化所需参数Public Sub Form_Load()XF = 0.3151: F = 402.34: q = 1XD = 0.982: D = 128.97: td = 64.93: rD = 35373.48: po = 101.3u = 5.4464: Rmin = 1.0167t1 = 20: Cw = 0.0002: Cp = 4.1875: Co = 0.03: cpa = 15674.4HETP = 0.462: HA = 6f1 = 1: f2 = 6.5: a = 487: b = 0.72: SI = 3.73FL = 6.22: θ= 7200: ρ= 7860: bo = 0.005: Fc = 0.125Text1.Text = 402.34 Text2.Text = 0.3151 Text3.Text = 128.97 Text4.Text = 0.982 Text5.Text = 35373.48 Text6.Text = 64.93 Text7.Text = 1Text8.Text = 1.0167 Text9.Text = 7200 Text10.Text = 3.73 Text11.Text = 0.125 Text12.Text = 6.22 Text13.Text = 0.005 Text14.Text = 7860 Text15.Text = 5.4464 Text16.Text = 0.462 Text17.Text = 6Text18.Text = 15674.4 Text19.Text = 0.0002 Text20.Text = 4.1875 Text21.Text = 20 Text22.Text = 2000 Text23.Text = 1Text24.Text = 6.5 Text25.Text = 487 Text26.Text = 0.72 Text27.Text = 0.03 Text28.Text = 1.01 Text29.Text = 2Text30.Text = 0.0001 Text31.Text = " " Text32.Text = " " Text33.Text = " " Text34.Text = " " Text35.Text = " " Text36.Text = " " Text37.Text = " " Text38.Text = " " Text39.Text = " " Text40.Text = " " Text41.Text = " " Text42.Text = " " Text43.Text = " " Text44.Text = " "Text45.Text = " "Text46.Text = " "Text47.Text = " "End Sub'主程序Private Sub Command1_Click() '菲波拿契法求Ropt R = Text31.TextRopt = RJJ = j(R)Text32.Text = RminText45.Text = Ropt / RminText33.Text = lilunbanshuText34.Text = zongtagaoText40.Text = J1Text41.Text = J2Text42.Text = J3Text43.Text = J4Text44.Text = JJText37.Text = tajingText38.Text = chukouwenduText39.Text = chuanremianjiText46.Text = Ropt * DText47.Text = (Ropt + 1) * DText35.Text = tiliuduanbanshu * HETPText36.Text = jinliuduanbanshu * HETPEnd Sub'J函数Public Function j(R#) As DoubleCall jjj1(R#, J1#)Call jjj2(R#, J2#)Call jjj3(R#, J3#)Call jjj4(R#, J4#)j = J1 + J2 + J3 + J4End Function'求J1Public Sub jjj1(R#, J1#)Dim DT#, H#, Ws#, CH#Call tabanshu(R#, N#)DT = Sqr((R + 1) * D * 22.4 / (3600 * 0.785 * u) * (273 + td) / 273 * 101.3 / po)If DT < 1 ThenDT = Int(DT * 10 + 1) / 10ElseDT = Int(DT * 5 + 1) * 0.2End IfH = N * HETP + HAWs = 3.14 * DT * (H + 0.8116 * DT) * bo * ρ'ρ为碳钢的密度CH = FL * Exp(6.95 + 0.1808 * Log(Ws) + 0.02468 * (Log(Ws)) ^ 2 + 0.0158 * H / DT)J1 = SI * (Fc + 0.06) * CHtajing = DTzongtagao = HEnd Sub'求J2Public Sub jjj2(R#, J2#)Dim xx1#, xx0#, CD#, ff#, df#, t2#, AD#, KD#KD = 2000: xx1 = 70Do '牛顿迭代法求冷却水最佳出口温度t2xx0 = xx1CD = 1.3 * SI * a * b * f1 * f2 * Fc * ((R + 1) * D * rD / (td - t1)) ^ (b - 1) / KD ^ bff = -Cw * θ/ Cp + CD * ((xx0 - 1) / xx0 / Log(xx0)) ^ (1 - b) * (xx0 - 1 - Log(xx0))df = CD * ((xx0 - 1) / xx0 / Log(xx0)) ^ (2 - b) * ((b - 1) * (xx0 - 1 - Log(xx0)) ^ 2 / (xx0 - 1) ^ 2 + Log(xx0))xx1 = xx0 - ff / dfLoop Until Abs(xx1 - xx0) < 0.000001t2 = td - (td - t1) / xx1 't2optchukouwendu = t2AD = (R + 1) * D * rD * Log((td - t1) / (td - t2)) / KD / (t2 - t1) '传热面积chuanremianji = ADJ2 = Cw * θ* (R + 1) * D * rD / Cp / (t2 - t1) + 1.3 * SI * Fc * f1 * f2 * a * AD ^ bEnd Sub'求J3Public Sub jjj3(R#, J3#)Dim Z#, Cz#Cz = 0.03Z = ((R + 1) * D - (1 - q) * F) * 18J3 = Z * Cz * θEnd Sub'求J4Public Sub jjj4(R#, J4#)Dim ho#, cpa!, HETP!cpa = 15674.4: HETP = 0.462Call tabanshu(R#, N#)ho = N * HETPDT = Sqr((R + 1) * D * 22.4 / (3600 * 0.785 * u) * (273 + td) / 273 * 101.3 / po)J4 = 3.14 / 4 * DT ^ 2 * ho * cpa * FcEnd Sub'塔板数的计算Public Sub tabanshu(R#, N#)Dim ye#, XW#Dim X!(100), Y!(100), xx!(100), i%, n1#td = 64.93: F = 402.34: XD = 0.982: XF = 0.3151: ηd = 0.999: D = 128.97: Rmin = 1.0167 V = (R + 1) * D: W = F + V - D: XW = (F * XF - D * XD) / Wi = 1: Y(1) = 0.982: X(1) = 0.9702DoIf X(i) > XF ThenY(i + 1) = R * X(i) / (R + 1) + XD / (R + 1)n1 = i + 1 + (X(i) - XF) / (X(i) - X(i + 1))ElseY(i + 1) = W * (X(i) - XW) / VIf X(i) < XW Then Exit DoEnd Ifi = i + 1xx(i) = (Y(i) / (3.3874 * (1 - Y(i)))) ^ (1 / 0.7977) X(i) = xx(i) / (1 + xx(i))LoopN = i - 1 + (X(i - 1) - XW) / (X(i - 1) - X(i))lilunbanshu = Ntiliuduanbanshu = n1jinliuduanbanshu = N - n1End Sub目录1 前言------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12 方案论证2.1 精馏塔类型----------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 2.2 精馏压力-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 2.3 进料方式-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 2.4 填料类型-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 2.5 加热方式-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------22.6 塔材料类型----------------------------------------------------------------------------------23 数学模型的建立3.1 精馏塔塔体年投资折旧费及维修费用-------------------------------------------------3 3.2 冷凝器年运转费用-------------------------------------------------------------------------4 3.3 直接蒸汽加热费用-------------------------------------------------------------------------53.4 填料年折旧费-------------------------------------------------- --54 数学模型的求解4.1 数学模型决策变量分析-------------------------------------------------------------------5 4.2 主要工艺参数的求解----------------------------------------------------------------------54.2.1 塔径的计算-----------------------------------------------------------------------------54.2.2 塔板数的计算-------------------------------------------------------------------------64.2.2.1 相平衡关系的表示--------------------------------------------------------------64.2.2.2 N的计算--------------------------------------------------------------------------64.2.3 冷凝器年运转费用的计算------------------ ----------------------- ----------------74.2.3.1 冷却水用量及冷凝器传热面积的计算- -------------------------------------74.2.3.2 冷凝器冷却水最佳出口温度的确定-----------------------------------------74.2.4 直接加热蒸气费用的计算----------------------------------------------------------8 4.3 数学模型的求解------------------------------------------------------- --------------------84.3.1 单变量最优化方法--------------------------------------------- ----------------------84.3.2 优化设计程序框图-------------------------------------------- -----------------------84.3.2.1 函数调用关系--------------------------------------------------------------------95 优化设计计算5.1 数据预处理---------------------------------------------------------------------------------105.1.1 进塔物料的计算----------------------------------------------------------------------105.1.2 塔顶蒸气温度的计算----------------------------------------------------------------105.1.3 等板高度的计算----------------------------------------------------------------------10Ⅰ5.1.4 产品汽化潜热的计算----------------------------------------------------------------115.1.5 最小回流比的确定-------------------------------------------------------------------115.1.6 填料单价的计算----------------------------------------------------------------------115.2. 塔径的计算---------------------------------------------------------------------------------13 5.3 填料层高度的计算-------------------------------------------------------------------------13 5.4 精馏塔塔体年投资折旧费及维修费用的计算-----------------------------------------13 5.5 冷凝器年运转费用的计算----------------------------------------------------------------145.5.1 冷凝器冷却水最佳出口温度的确定----------------------------------------------145.5.2 冷却水用量及冷凝器传热面积的计算-------------------------------------------145.5.3 精馏塔塔体年投资折旧费及维修费用的计算----------------------------------15 5.6 再沸器年运转费用的计算----------------------------------------------------------------15 5.7 填料年折旧费用的计算-------------------------------------------------------------------15 5.8 汽液负荷-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------155.8.1 气相负荷-------------------------------------------------------------------------------155.8.2 液相负荷-------------------------------------------------------------------------------155.9 年总费用与回流比的关系--------------------------------------------------------------156 填料塔水力学性能校核6.1 泛点率校核--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17 6.2 径比校核-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17 6.3 喷淋密度校核-------------------------------------------------------------------------------176.4 填料塔压降----------------------------------------------------------------------------------177 附属设备的设计与选型7.1 塔顶冷凝器--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 187.1.1 冷凝器传热量-------------------------------------------------------------------------187.1.2 冷凝器传热推动力-------------------------------------------------------------------187.1.3 初估冷凝器传热面积----------------------------------------------------------------197.1.4 冷凝器传热系数的校核-------------------------------------------------------------197.1.5 冷凝器传热面积的校核-------------------------------------------------------------227.1.6 冷凝器壳程、管程流动阻力-------------------------------------------------------22 7.2 接管选型------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 247.2.1 进料口接管的选型-------------------------------------------------------------------247.2.2 冷却水接管的选型-------------------------------------------------------------------257.2.3 塔顶蒸气接管选型------------------------------------------------------------------ 25Ⅱ7.2.4 塔顶产品接管选型-------------------------------------------------------------------257.2.5 塔底产品接管选型-------------------------------------------------------------------267.2.6 塔顶产品回流接管选型-------------------------------------------------------------267.2.7 塔底加热蒸气接管选型------------------------------------------------------------- 26 7.3 冷却水输送泵7.3.1 塔高的计算---------------------------------------------------------------------------277.3.2 冷却水输送泵选型------------------------------------------------------------------27 7.4 填料支承结构-------------------------------------------------------------------------------28 7.5 液体分布装置-------------------------------------------------------------------------------287.7 液体收集再分布装置----------------------------------------------------------------------298 设计结果汇总------------------------------------------------------------------------------------299 设计心得------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------31 参考文献---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 31 附录一甲醇和水部分物性参数-----------------------------------------------------------------32 附录二甲醇—水汽液平衡数据（摩尔组成）-------------------------------------------------33 附录三优化设计程序源代码--------------------------------------------------------------------34化工原理课程设计学生姓名：黄圣楠学号：081000115专业班级：10级生工（1）班____指导教师：张星___2013年1月24日。