Androgens helps in early development of male sex organ in childhood
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Functions
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Relations
RT ADRENAL
LT ADRENAL
Anteriorly IVC Liver
Anteriorly Pancreas Stomach
Size : 3 - 6cm long, 0.9 – 3.6cm Weight : 3-5 gm app Width : 2-3 cm
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Anatomy
4
Embryology
➢ Cortex is mesodermal in origin
➢ Week 4 – 6 : start from coelomic mesoderm adjacent to urogenital ridge
Posteriorly Diaphragm
Posteriorly Diaphragm
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Relations
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Vascular supply
Blood to adrenal supplied by Inferior phrenic artery (superiorly) Aorta (medially) Renal artery (inferiorly)
Definite cortex develop into functional adrenal cortex
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Embryology
Medulla derived from neural crest cells
Develop with sympathetic nervous system
Week 5 : neural crest cell migrate to Para-aortic and Para-vertebral region towards medial aspect of adrenal cortex
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Cont :
Zona Reticularis : consists of compact cytoplasm and few lipid inclusions
Zona glomerulosa and fasiculata present at birth
Zona reticularis develops during first year of life
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Histology
Adrenal cortex consists of three distinct zones
Zona Glomerulosa : small cells with intermediate no. of lipid inclusion
Zona Fasiculata : large foamy cells sec to lipid inclusion -75% of cortex
All are absolutely required for life
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Functions
Aldosterone helps in Na reabsorption & potassium excretion & preventing dehydration
Cortisol stimulate protein breakdown, inhibition of tissue response in injury & antagonism to action of insulin
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Histology
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Physiology
Adrena
Adrenal cortex Adrenal medulla
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Physiology
Adrenal cortex produces -Glucocorticoids (Zona Fasciculata) -Mineralocorticoids (Zona Glomerulosa) -Adrenal androgens (Zona Reticularis)
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Cont:
Extra adrenal chromaffin cells located to the left of aortic bifurcation near the origin of IMA
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Embryology
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Embryology
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Embryology
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Embryology
2
Anatomy
▪ Right adrenal is triangular, related to upper pole Right kidney
Left adrenal is crescent shaped, related to upper and medial part Left kidney
➢ Week 8 : differentiate into thin definite
outer cortex and thick inner
fetal cortex
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Cont:
Fetal cortex produce steroid during gestation and involutes at birth
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Physiology
Adrenal medulla produces -Epinephrine (adrenaline) -Norepinehrine (noradrenaline)
Help inc in cardiac output, vascular resistance and mediate stress response
Adrenal Gland Anatomy
Dr Shen
1
Introduction
Among most important and vital endocrine organ
Small bilateral yellowish retroperitoneal organ
Lies just above kidney in gerota’s fascia