Unit5 Into the unknown 知识-清单破I. 核心单词（A）写作词汇一写词形1. ______ n. 文明（社会）2. ______v. 将……埋在下面3. ______n. 运河4. ______n. 残垣断壁，废墟5. ______ν. 离弃，逃离6. ______ν. 拒绝考虑，否定7. ______adv. 此外；而且；不仅如此8. ______n. 物质(B)阅读词汇一明词义1. intrigue v. _______2. pyramid n. _______3. astronomy n. _______4. tropical adj. _______5. cyclone n. _______6. megadrought n. _______7. downfall n. _______8. getaway n. _______9. retreat v. _______10. subdue v. _______11. uncharted adj. _______12. delve v. _______13. shrink v. _______14. Shipwreck n. _______15. coral n. _______16. millimetre n. _______17. barreleye n. _______18. upwards adv. _______19. trench n. _______20. equivalent adj. _______21. stack v. _______22. notable adg. _______23. vessel n. _______24. vol n. _______(C)拓展词汇—灵活用1. _______adj. 神秘的，难以解释的→_______ n. 神秘；神秘的事物→_______n. 神话；神话故事2. _______n扩大，增加→_______ v. 扩大，膨胀，发展3. _______n. 调查→_______ν. 调查4. _______adj. 考古学的；考古的→_______n. 考古学家5. _______n. 钻探；勘探→_______v. 钻孔，训练Ⅱ. 重点短语1. __________和……相一致/相符合2. be based on __________3. __________把……运用于4. __________除……之外5. so far __________6. __________多得多；更加7. __________在鼎盛时期8. __________（因无人照料而）衰落，败落9. lead to__________10. a series of__________11. __________逃跑，逃走12. __________逃命13. __________试水，试探14. __________避开…，从…处脱身15. __________不为人知的地方，人类尚未到达的地方16. __________动身踏上旅途17. __________积极投入到…中去18. __________再三考虑，慎重考虑19. __________避免，畏避20. __________调查21. set sail__________22. up to__________23. be known as__________24. in addition__________25. be equivalent to__________26. __________保持纪录27. beyond the reach of__________Ⅲ. 经典结构1. 它包含800多个符号，一些符号代表动物……It contained more than 800 characters, ______ ______ ______ ______ ______. . . . . .2. 它是一种如此复杂的书写系统，以至于到目前为止，还没有人能够完全解释它It was a writing system ______ ______ ______, so far，no one has been able to interpret it completely.3. 玛雅社会在技术上是原始的这个事实使得它的成就更加难以置信和神秘。

The fact ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious.4. 这可能导致了一系列的旱灾，每次持续数年，包括公元900年左右的“大旱灾”This is likely to have led to a series of droughts, ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ includin g a “megadrought” around 900 AD.5. 不管出于什么原因，玛雅文明基本上消失在了丛林深处。

______ ______ ______, Maya civilisation largely disappeared within the deep jungle.6. 它曾经辉煌的城市都毁于一旦，给后人留下了各种各样的谜团待解决。

Its once-great cities fell into ruin, ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______.7. 据估计，全球水下有300万艘沉船。

Lying under waters across the globe ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______.8. 他们提出理由说，更有可能的是，文明起源于北纬30度，因为那里的气候普遍温暖、潮湿。

______ ______ ______, they argue, ______ civilisations arose on the 30th parallel north because the climate there is generally warm and wet.Ⅳ. 长难句分析1. What is most extraordinary about these complex structures is how they were built without the use of wheels，metal tools or even animal power.分析：本句为主从复合句。

What is most extraordinary about these complex structures 为What引导的______从句；how they were built without the use of wheels metal tools or even animal power为how引导的______从句。

句意：这些复杂的结构最不寻常的地方在于，它们是如何在没有使用轮子、金属工具甚至动物力量的情况下建造起来的。

2. Many scientists believe that these droughts were the main reason why Maya civilisation began to collapse at different rates in different places.分析：本句为主从复合句。

that these. places为that引导的______从句，该从句中又包括_______从句why Maya civilisation began to collapse at different rates in different places，修饰先行词______。

句意：许多科学家认为，这些旱灾是玛雅文明开始在不同地区以不同速度崩溃的主要原因。

3. In these waters，more than 200 metres deep where light cannot reach. are extraordina creatures that appear as if they are straight out of science fiction.分析：本句为主从复合句。

where light cannot reach为where引导的_______从句；that appear as if they are straight out of science fiction that引导的______从句；as if they are straight out of science fiction为as if引导的______从句。

句意：在这些水深超过200米、光线无法到达的水域中，有奇特的生物，它们看起来就像是直接从科幻小说中跳出来的。

V. 必备语法Review：noun clauses复习：名词性从句1. Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars it shows ______ powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation are among people.2. But the greatest mystery of all is ______ caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities.3. ______Maya civilisation collapsed remains a mystery.参考答案：I.(A)1. civilisation 2. bury 3. canal. 4. ruin 5. abandon 6. dismiss 7. furthermore 8. substance（B）1. 激起……的兴趣，引起……的好奇心 2. 金字塔 3. 天文学 4. 来自热带的；产于热带的 5. 气旋；旋风 6. 超级干旱7. 衰败8. 逃跑，逃走9. 后退；离开；退避10. 克制，抑制（情绪）11. 地图上没有标明的12. 探索，探究13. 退缩，畏缩14. 失事的船；沉船15. 珊瑚16. 毫米17. 管眼鱼18. 向上，朝上19. 海沟20. 等同的；等值的；相当的21. （使）整齐地堆起摞起22. 显要的；显著的；值得注意的23. 船；舰24. （书的）卷，册(C)1. mysterious; mystery; myth 2. expansion; expand 3. investigation investigate 4. archaeological archaeologist 5. drilling drillⅡ. 1 correspond to 2. 基于……,以…为基础 3. apply. to. 4 on top of 5. 到目前为止，迄今为止 6. all the more 7 at sb. ’S/sth. ’s peak 8. fall into ruin 9. 导致10. 一系列1. make a getaway 12. run for ones life 13. test the waters 14. steer clear of 15. the unknown 16. set out 17. throw oneself into 18. think twice 19. shrink from 20. look into 21. 启航22. （数量或数目）多达23. 作为……而出名24. 另外，此外25. 与…相当26. hold a record27无法达到；超出的能力之外III. 1. with some signs representing animals2. so complicated that3. that Maya society was technologically primitive4. each lasting for a couple of years5. whatever the reasons6. leaving various mysteries for later people to solve7. are an estimated three million shipwrecks8. It's more likely：thatⅣ1. 主语；表语 2. 宾语；定语；reason 3. 定语；定语；表语V. 1. how 2. what 3. Why。