2. GEOLOGY地质2.1 LITHOLOGY CASSIFICATION AND DESCRIPTION ORDER岩性分类与描述顺序2.1.1 Rock Types 岩石类型Sedi Sedimentry 沉积岩clas clastic 碎屑岩ss sandstone 砂岩mdst mudstone 泥岩sh shale 页岩clyst, clst claystone 粘土岩sd sand 砂mSsd medium sandstone 中砂岩fsst fine sandstone 细砂岩bldr boulder 卵石pbl pebble 卵石grl gravel 砾石cgl conglomerate 砾岩gywk graywacke 硬砂岩cbl cobble 大鹅卵石ark arkose 长石砂岩grnl granule 粒砂brec breccic 角砾岩bioc bioclastic 生物碎屑岩vcrs sst very coarse sandstone 极粗砂岩argl argillite 泥板岩gyp gypsum 石膏anhy anhydrite 硬石膏slt salt 盐岩flint-lingite 隧石carbonate 碳酸盐岩ls limestone 灰岩，石灰岩dolo dolomite 白云石dolst dolostone 白云岩mrls marlstone 泥灰石coq coquina 贝壳灰岩biosp biosparte 生物亮晶灰岩biomi biomicrite 生物微晶灰岩clcar calcarenite 灰屑岩，钙屑灰岩micr micrite 微晶灰岩clcrd calcirudite 砾屑石灰岩 clslt calcisilitite 粉砂屑石灰岩 grst grainstone 粒状灰岩oolitic limestone 鲕状灰岩Igneous Rock 火成岩intrusive igneous 侵入岩extrusive igneous 喷出岩volc colcanic 火山岩grt granite 花岗岩dr diorite 闪长岩grdr grano diorite 花岗闪长岩 qu dr quartz diorite 石英闪长岩 dr po diorite porphyrite 闪长玢岩 syenite 正长岩gab, gb gabbro 辉长岩qu po quartz porphyrite 石英玢岩 an andesite 安山岩bas basalt 玄武岩arag aragonite 纹石，霞石Meta Metsmorphic rock 变质岩 phyl phyllite 千枚岩sl slate 板岩sch schist 片岩mbl marble 大理岩gne gneiss 片麻岩qtzt quartzite 石英岩novac novaculite致密石英岩2.1.2 COL Color, Colour 颜色blk black 黑色brn brown 棕色yel yellow 黄色gy, gry grey 灰色or orange 橙色，桔色bl blue 蓝色gn, grn green 绿色wi, wht white 白色pnk pink 粉红色pl purple 紫色bf buff 浅黄色tn tan 棕黄色choc chocolate 褐色och ochve 褐色，黄褐色olv olive 橄榄色crm cream 奶油色mott motted 杂色，斑点vocl varicoloree 杂色的amb amber 琥珀色lt light 淡的dk, drk dark 暗的cc color code 颜色代码2.1.3 Hardness 硬度VHD very hard 非常硬MHD middle hard 中硬H hard 硬SFT soft 软VSFT very soft 非常软2.1.4 Roundness 磨圆sharp angular 尖棱状angle angular 棱角状subangle subangular 次棱角状subrnd subround 次圆状rnd round 圆状well round 磨圆好2.1.5 Grain Size Terminology 颗粒大小术语 (see app. Table) （见附表）2.1.6 Sorting 分选go good 好f fair 一般md medium 中等pr poor 差c coarsely 粗造2.1.7 Cementation 胶结，胶结物cp compact 胶结致密dns dense 胶结密实well well 胶结好lse loose 胶结疏松sdy are sandy arenaceous 砂质sdy sandy 砂质mdy are mudy argillaceous 泥质ethy earthy 泥质cly clay 粘土质cal, calc calcarous 钙质si siliceous 硅质lim limy 灰质kao kaolin 高岭土质carb carbonaceous 碳质的qtzc quartzitic 石英质quartzizose 石英质的nac nacreous 珍珠质2.1.8 Accessories of Rock 岩石的次要成分min mineral 矿物accessary mineral 次生矿物qz, qtz quartz 石英mic, mica micaceous 云母musc muscovite 白云母biot biotite 黑云母srct sericite 绢云母fld feldspar 长石orth orthpclase 正长石plag plagioclase 斜长石gab gabbro 辉长石py pyrite 黄铁矿lmt limonite 褐铁矿mag magnetite 磁铁矿calc calcite 方解石dol dolomite 白云石gyp gypsum 石膏anhy anhydite 无水石膏sa salt 盐asph asphalt 沥青bit bitumen 沥青gil gilsomite 天然沥青flnt flint 黑燧石，电石cht chert 黑硅石chk chalk 白垩fos fossils 化石micfo microfossil 微化石macfo macrofossil 大化石pl fos plant fossil 植物化石vrtb vertebrate 脊椎动物ancient life 古生物fau fauna 动物群flo flora 植物群spo, spr spore 孢子，孢粉tri trilobite 三叶虫cor coral 珊瑚shl shell 贝壳amm ammonite 菊石alg algae 藻类diat diatoms 硅藻char charophyte 轮藻类grap graptolite 笔石类ost ostracod 介形虫（节肢动物）para paraparchites 介形虫cono conodont 牙形虫crin crinoid 海百合Tent Tentaculities 竹节石属moll mollusc 软体动物Ech Echinoid 海胆类（棘皮动物）Bry Bryozoa 苔藓动物门Ceph Cephalipod 头足纲（软体类）Belm Belmnifera 箭石属（头足类）Brach Brachinopoda 腕足类（动物门）Cyp Cypridopsis 斗星介属（介形类）foram foraminifera 有孔虫类Endo Endothgra 内卷虫属（有孔虫类）Glob Globigerina 抱球虫属（有孔虫类）Gast Gasttropod 腹足纲（软体动物）Fus Fusulinicl 纺锤蜓2.1.9 Depositional Distinguishing Feature 沉积识别特征sedimentary structure 沉积构造bdd beded 层状的bndd banded 层状的band band 夹层xlam crosslaminated 交错层理xbdd crossbeded 交错层intbdd interbeded 互层的，夹层的crnk crinkled 褶皱cont contact 接触，界面unconf unconformity 不整合conf conformity 整合crev crevive 裂隙conc concretion 结核，含有物nod nodules 结核。

团块ves vesicular 多孔状lumpy lumpy 块状conch conchoidal 贝壳状gran granular 颗粒状slky silky 丝状gl glassy 玻璃状fib fibrous 纤维状glblr globular 球状xl crystal 结晶xln crystalline 结晶体2.1.10 Others 其它porosity 孔隙度gd good 15% 好fair 10～15% 中等poor 5～10% 较差trace less 5% 微小fissibity 解理，可劈性clvg clesvage 解理，劈理crystal or grain size 晶体形状与颗粒大小texture 结构lstr lustre 光泽silky 丝绢光泽swelling properties 膨胀度，膨胀性solubiling 吸水性accessory mineral 次生矿2.1.11 Examination for Hydrocarbon Shows 油气显示鉴定hydrocarbon indication 油气显示oil show description 油气显示描述fluorescence observation 荧光观察dir fluo direct fluorescence 湿照sample fluorescence 干照cut fluo cutting fluorescence 滴照solvent fluorescence 浸泡照射no fluo no fluorescence 无荧光显示micro trace 显示相当微弱trace 微弱present 有，中等important 强very important 很强bri bright 明亮2.2THE EXAMPLES OF LITHOLOGY DESCRIPTION岩性描述范例2.2.1Noncarbonate , clastic 非碳酸盐岩，碎屑岩If the representative samples from the siever have been selected and the percentage of the various constituents have been estimated, then the logical order of the sample description is: 如果从筛子中已选出具有代表性的岩样，而且该岩样的各组份含量已估计出，那么该岩样的描述顺序则为：1, ROCK TYPE 岩性，岩石类别2, COLOR 颜色3, HARDNESS 硬度（硬化作用）The common adjectives describing induration are:硬化作用一般的形容描述内容是：dense hard medium-hard soft spongy密集的，硬的，中等坚硬，软的，多孔的friable compact brittle slatey松散的致密的脆的板状的4, GRAIN SIZE 颗粒大小see to figure 2,1.5 （见图表2，1，5）5, GRAIN SHAPE 颗粒形状The only five general classes are considered and defined as following:唯一可考虑的五种一般类别为：sharp angular subangular rounded wellrounded尖棱状棱角状次棱角状磨圆状好的磨圆状6, SORTING 分选作用7, LUSTER 光泽The common used terms of the luster are: 关于光泽一般常使用的词组有：coated pitted frosted deeply etched frosty silky覆盖物坑状物霜状表面深度侵蚀霜状的丝绢光泽oily vitreous glassy shiny translucent earthy油脂光泽透明的玻璃的发亮的半透明的泥土状waxy sooty velety soapy resinous蜡状的乌黑色天鹅绒状肥皂状树脂状8, CEMENTATION 胶结，胶结物calcite dolomite sulfates iron oxides silica pyrite clays silts方解石白云石硫酸盐氧化铁硅质黄铁矿粘土粉砂siderite菱铁矿9, STRUCTURE 构造The structure of sandstone refers to: 砂岩的构造一般是指：laminations fractures fractures patterns banding nodular纹理裂缝裂缝形式条纹结核状The common structures of shales and siltstone are: 页岩和粉砂岩的构造是指：massive lumpy platy laminated foliated fissile块状团块状纹层状薄片状裂片状splintery flakey10, ACCESSORIES 次生矿物The common but minor constituents of sandstones are:常见的砂岩微量次生矿物有：biotite muscovite glauconite pyrite barite siderite chert黑云母白云母海绿石黄铁矿重晶石菱铁矿黑隧石coals solid hydrocarbons fossils煤固态烃化石11, INCLUSIONS 夹杂物gypsum anhydrite chert iron oxides noduies pellets of barite石膏无水石膏黑隧石氧化铁结核体重晶石球pyrite mud oolites coal concretionary materials黄铁矿泥浆鲕状岩煤固结材料2.2.2 Carbonate碳酸盐岩After the lithology of the samples have been selected , the description of the carbonate can be do in the following order:岩样岩性选择好后，碳酸盐岩的描述可依以下顺序进行：1, COLOR 颜色The normal colors of limestones and dolomites are: gray, white, buff, brown石灰岩和白云岩的正常颜色是：灰色，白色，浅黄色，棕色2, GRAIN SIZE 颗粒大小3, CHARACTOR OF GRAINS 颗粒特征Fragments can be described in the same as sand grains:碎屑可和砂岩一样进行描述sharp angular subangular rounded globular spheroidal尖棱角棱角状次棱角状圆状球形扁球形Oolites may be classed as: spheroidal, spherical, elliptical, irregular, flattened鲕粒可分类为：扁球形，球形，椭圆状，不规则状，拉平状4, TEXTURE 结构see to the figure 2.3.4 （参见表2。