例1.Winners do not dedicate their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be, rather, they are themselves and as such do not use their energyputting on a performance, maintaining pretence and manipulating（操纵）others . They are aware that there is a difference between being loved andacting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, between beingknowledgeable and acting knowledgeable. Winners do not need to hidebehind a mask.1.dedicate to 把时间，精力用于2.pretence 虚伪，虚假6 ．1 斤斤于字比句次，措辞生硬例2.Solitude is an excellent laboratory in which to observe the extent to which manners and habits are conditioned by others. My table manners areatrocious( 丑恶)—in this respect I've slipped back hundreds of years in fact, Ihave no manners whatsoever（完全，全然）. If I feel like it, I eat with my fingers, or out of a can, or standing up —in other words, whichever is easiest.孤独是很好的实验室，正好适合观察一个人的举止和习惯在多大程度上受人制约。
如今我吃东西的举止十分粗野；这方面一放松就倒退了几百年，实在是一点礼貌也没有。
我高兴就用手抓来吃，（eat out of a can）开个罐头端着吃，站着吃；反正怎么省事就怎么吃。
3.Whatsoever 完全，全然1.Be conditioned by 受……制约2.Atrocious 丑恶6 ．2 结构松散，表达过于口语化例3．有一次，在拥挤的车厢门口，我听见一位男乘客客客气气地问他前面的一位女乘客：“您下车吗？”女乘客没理他。
“您下车吗？”他又问了一遍。
女乘客还是没理他。
他耐不住了，放大声问：“下车吗？”，那女乘客依然没反应。
“你是聋子，还是哑巴？”他急了，捅了一下那女乘客，也引起了车厢里的人都往这里看。
女乘客这时也急了，瞪起一双眼睛，回手给了男乘客一拳。
（庄绎传，英汉翻译教程，1999 ：练习 3 ）译文1：Once at the crowded door of the bus, I heard a man passenger asked politely a woman passenger before him: “Are you getting off?” The woman made noanswer. “Are you getting off?” the man asked again, but the woman sill didn't pay attention to him. The man couldn't be polite any longer and asked loudly, the woman still had no response. “Are you a deaf or a dumb?” He became upset and gave a push to the woman, and also it attracted the attention of other passengers. At this time, the woman also became upset, stared at the man and gave him back a fist .译文2：Once at the crowded doorway in a bus, I heard a man asked politely a woman before him: “Are you getting off?” The woman had no response. He then repeated it but in vain.He got impatient and asked louder: “Getting off?”but still no answer at all. He became irritated（烦恼）, shouting: “Are you a deaf or a dumb?” and gave her a push, which drew other passengers' attention. Annoyed, the woman glared at him and hit him back (with her fist).例4．Books possess an essence of immortality. They are by far the most lasting products of human effort. Temples and statues decay, but books survive. Time is of no account with great thoughts, which are fresh today as when they first passed through their author's minds, ages ago. What was then(那时候) said and thought still speaks to us vividly as ever// from the printed page. The only effect of time has been sift out( 筛落) the bad products, for nothing in literature can long survive but what is really good.译文1：书的特质在于永恒，是人类经努力奋斗而产生的最长久产品。
庙宇和雕塑会腐朽，但书籍却能永存。
时间在伟大思想面前毫无作用，许多年前闪现在作者心头的思想至今仍栩栩如生。
当年的所言所思至今仍在印刷的纸上生动地回响。
时间的唯一作用就是去掉糟粕。
只要是真正的精华就能在文学上永存。
译文2：书的实质在于世代永存，是迄今人类长期努力得来的最持久产品。
庙宇会坍塌，雕像会腐蚀，但书籍却能永存。
伟大的思想不会因岁月的流失而消泯，前人的思想历久长新，其所言所思至今仍跃然纸上、声声入耳。
悠悠岁月只会去尽糟粕，真正的好书经得起历史的淘汰和荡涤（反选）。
6 ．3 语篇整体与局部例5．（前 6.2.1 例 2 ）大家都说，糟了，怕是遭了狼了！(1) When seeing this, everybody there realized that something bad must have happened ----- he was killed by a wolf! √(2) Everybody said that it was too bad! He was likely to meet with a wolf!例6. “…”, began Clyde, who did not quite like the l ooks of the man before him, but was determined to present himself as agreeable as possible .(1) “ ……”，克莱德开口说。
尽管他不太喜欢眼前这个人，但还是决定让自己表现得尽量随和一些。
(2) ……。
尽管他不太喜欢眼前这个领班，但还是决定让自己尽量迎合一下对方。
例7 . 孔子很早就说：“ 四十而不惑”。
意思是到了四十，就是肥肉一块吊到你嘴边，你饥肠辘辘馋涎欲滴，也不应该伸脖子去贪嘴了。
Dangle v. 摇晃地悬挂着juicy meat6 ．4 形式与内容的统一例8．On one of those sober （严肃）and rather melancholy（忧郁）days, in the later part of Autumn, when the shadows of morning and evening almost mingle together, and throw a gloom over the decline of the year, I passed several hours in rambling （漫步）about Westminster Abbey. There was something congenial （适意的）to the season in the mournful （悲哀）magnificence of the old pile; and, as I passed its threshold, seemed like stepping back into the regions of antiquity, and losing myself among the shades of former ages. （Washington Irving, Westminster Abbey ）时方晚秋，气象肃穆，略带忧郁，早晨的阴影和黄昏的阴影，几乎连在一起，不可分别，岁将云暮(岁聿云暮suì yù yún mù指一年将尽。
同“岁聿其莫”)，终日昏暗，我就在这么一天，到西敏大寺去散步了几个钟头。
古寺巍巍，森森然似有鬼气，和阴沉沉的季候正好调和；我跨进大门，觉得自己已经置身远古，相忘于古人的鬼影之中了。
——“ 西敏大寺”，夏济安译，1976，p. 541.Sober adj. 严肃的2.Melancholy adj. 忧郁的3.Congenial adj. 适意的4.Mournful adj. 悲哀的5.Threshold n. 门槛6.Antiquity n. 古物例9. 拿有些古都来说，其建筑体现着三个层面：由宫殿府邸、皇家园林等构成的帝王古都；由道观神庙、社稷祭坛等构成的“鬼神”古都；由胡同、四合院及其它民居建筑构成的老百姓古都。