[翻译技巧] 名师总结2011四六级考试翻译主要考点四级翻译部分为汉译英,共5个句子,一句一题,句长为15-30词,句中的一部分已用英文给出,考生需根据全句意思将汉语部分译成英语,考试时间5分钟。
翻译题重点考察考生对语法结构及常用英语表达习惯的掌握情况。
若考生语法功底较好且句型和词组储备丰富,那么此题不会太为难。
和作文相比,翻译虽只是个把句子,但来路不明难以猜测。
作文尚可背诵模板以备执笔急需之用,而翻译则全无,它微小零星却锋利难防,并将考生模板式作文的画皮扯下,暴露其撰句能力的真实面目,所以令人可畏。
根据近几年的翻译真题来看,针对某项语法重复考察率比较高,所以对曾经考察过的语法点依然不可松懈。
下面所提一些重点语法项目,并提出一些建议,希望对大家的备考有所帮助。
(1)句型以及其倒装使用2008年6月翻译真题第91题:__________________________(直到他完成使命)did he realize that he was seriously ill. (Key:Not until he accomplished / finished the mission )建议:以此类推,掌握如下常用句型(以倒装方式给出)Not only ……..but also……So ( Such )…that……..Not until……….Neither…..nor……..Hardly …..when……..No sooner ……than…….Only by /through /in …., …………..例:Not only __________ (他向我收费过高)but he didn’t do a good repair. (key:did he charge me too much)(2)从句a. 定语从句2008年12月翻译真题第87题:Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems _________________(他们至今还没有答案) (Key :which/that they haven’t found answers to)b. 状语从句真题中出现过如if 条件状语从句(2007 年6月第91题),no matter引导的让步状语从句(2007年12月第89题和2008年6月第89题)建议:关于定语从句,到目前为止所考察的均为关系代词which/ that等所引导的,所以考生需额外留意关系副词where/ when/how 所引导的定语从句。
对于状语从句,继续复习如时间状语从句,方式状语从句,因果状语从句等其他类状语从句。
除却定语从句,状语从句外,名词性从句也需加强,如宾语从句(特别注意wish/ would rather 引导的宾语从句中虚拟样式),表语从句,同位语从句甚至主语从句。
(3)非谓语动词a. 分词做伴随状语2008年6月第90题:______________(与我成长的地方相比) this town is more prosperous and exciting. (key : Compared with the place where I grew up)注意,答案中除过去分词(compared with …)做伴随外,还含有where引导的定语从句。
b. 动词不定式做目的状语2006年6月第88题_____________(为了挣钱供我上学),Mother often takes on more work than is good for her. (Key : to support my university studies )建议:由于非谓语动词除分词和动词不定式外,还包括动名词,但尚未考察过,所以考生有必要预备非谓语动词之“动名词”情况。
(4)其他类语法如:虚拟语气,比较级,情态动词。
(5)常用词组:尤其是动介词组,如adapt to …., have trouble doing ……,be likely to do…. , attribute …to..等类似样式。
作文是表达自己,可以随心所愿,而翻译是表达别人,被动且受制。
学习翻译,尝试放下过分的自我,顺服接受,反而会行得更容易些。
名师总结:四六级考试完型填空常用短语at all events 无论如何in the event of 万一cut across 抄近路cut back 削减cut in 插嘴cut sb. short打断某人说话in danger 在危险中out of danger 脱离危险up to date 时新的out of date 过期take delight in 以...为乐derive from 源于die off 相继死去die out消失,灭绝make a difference 有影响do away with 废除,去掉draw up 草拟drop by 顺便来访drop out 辍学,退出off duty 下班on duty 上班,值班dwell on 凝思,详述bring into effect 使生效put into effect 实行,生效come into effect 生效,实施in effect 有效,实际上take effect 生效,起作用in essence 大体上in excess of 超过catch one’s eye 引人注目keep an eye on 留意,照看in the face of 面对fall behind 落后fall back on 求助于fall in with 符合,与...一致so far 迄今为止in favor of 有利于,赞成,支持be fed up with 感到厌烦2011年CET6翻译练习:1) _______________(正是Jefferson写下了)the Declaration of Independence.2) _______________(作者是带着真挚的情感)praises all that is progressive.3) _______________(正是因为水涨了)we could not cross the river.4) _______________(人们听见正是Jim 这个无情的家伙) shouting at his mother in the dead of night.5) _______________(直到我告诉她) Mrs. Williams knew anything about it.强调句1) It was Jefferson who wrote(考点:强调主语)2) It is with genuine feeling that the author(考点:强调状语)3) It was because the water had risen that(考点:强调状语从句)4) It was Jim, the heartless fellow, who was heard(考点:强调主语)5) It was not until I told her that(考点:强调状语从句)1) The blackboard and chalk _______________(正在被电脑和投影机所取代).2) The book _______________(到今年年底就将已出版).3) Computer models _______________(可以用来演示细胞工作的方式).4) When the bill of fare was brought, _______________(我惊呆了,价格大大超出了我的预料).5) _______________(必须立即采取有效措施)to eliminate sandy storms.被动语态1) is being replaced by the computer and the projector(考点:被动语态的现在进行时)2) will have been published by the end of this year(考点:被动语态的将来完成时)3) can be used to demonstrate the way that cells work(考点:1. 被动语态与情态动词联用; 2. 汉语有些没有“被”字等标志词的句子也表示被动, 要译成英语的被动语态)4) I was startled, for the prices were a great deal higher than I had anticipated(考点:同“3”的考点2)5) Effective measures must be taken immediately(考点:汉语的无主句通常翻译成英语的被动语态)1.Everyone has his inherent ability ,________________ (只是很容易被习惯所掩盖)。
2.The importance of traffic safety ,_________________ (无论如何强调都不为过)。
3.In my opinion ,______________ (打电动玩具既浪费时间也有害健康)。
4.There is no doubt that ______________ (近视是一个很严重的问题)among the youth of ourcountry。
5.According to my personal experience ,___________________ (微笑已带给我许多好处)。
1. which is easily concealed by habits解析:每个人都有与生俱来的能力,只是很容易被习惯所掩盖。
本题的难点在于对动词“掩盖”的选择。
这里的“掩盖”是抽象含义,并不是像cover那样能找到真实的掩盖物,所以应该选择conceal,常用搭配由:conceal.。
.from。
另外,这句话是一个非限制性定语从句。
句子需填补内容是对ability的补充说明,“能力”是中心词。
因此,要用which引导这个非限制性定语从句。
2. can’t be overemphasized / can’t be emphasized too much解析:本句考查的是“再。
..。
也不为过的”的说法。
英语句型是:cannot + do sth. + too much 或cannot over-do,如:He is so excellent that we cannot praise him too much。