Legal English考试分数占70 上课回答问占10 Presentation 占20客观题填空 主观题 名词解释占20 判断 占80 简答题选择 翻译论述题第一章 总体介绍重点 前五个关键词 法系 英美法特点 两个主义 遵循先例 三推一1.【legal family 】The doctrine of legal families seeks to establish common groups, identifying similar legal practices, activities and subject matter and thereby classifying the entirety of global legal transactions and activities into "families" according to particular criteria. The traditional and almost exclusive focus on the continental European and Anglo-American systems.法系的信条是争取建立共同的团体,识别相似的法律实践,活动和主题从而将整个全球法律事务和活动分为“家庭”根据特定的标准。
传统的和几乎独有的法律都集中在欧洲大陆和英美系统。
Main characteristic① In the way of thinking and mode of operation of law, the common law system is the use of inductive methods. 归纳法② in the legal form, the case law plays an important role.判例法很重要③In the classification of the law, common law there is not strictly department law In the classification of the law, common law there is not strictly department law 普通法无严格分类 ④In education law area, common law in the United States is mainly located in vocational education.职业教育⑤In the legal profession, judges of the Federal Court of Justice are generally from lawyers. 从律师做到法官4.【遵循先例原则】后文也有此处提到The Doctrine of Stare ; The doctrine of stare decisis; Stare Decisis; the principle of stare decisis; the Precedent Principle.5.【犯罪构成理论：三推一】The theory of constitution of crime in civil law system.犯罪构成理论，强调严格以制定法为依据，将行为人和行为带入犯罪构成体系中进行衡量，得出是否构成犯罪的结论。
Criminal facts Illegality accountability Declare guilty犯罪的事实基础对行为的法律评价对行为人的主观评价犯罪、违法有责6.【英美法系中的犯罪的宪法理论】Step I Jury 陪审团可以独立做出被告人有罪或无罪的裁断，只有做出有罪裁断时，法官才适用刑法。
Step 2 discretion 自由裁量权法官通过习惯法否定制定法Step 3 right of appeal 上诉权国家从上诉内容和上诉人权上进行严格的限制，为了维护法官的自由裁量权，上诉法院只对特别明显的错误进行改判7.【Dictation 听写】There are many different legal systems in the world. In fact, every ___legal system has its own characteristics. However, the degree of difference varies, with some systems bearing more ______to others. As a result, the world can __ ____ __ several legal families. Without doubt, the ___ __ __ __and __ __ ___Legal System are the most important legal families in the world. The former is also called the English Legal System or _ _____Legal System, while the latter is also called __ ___ __ ___or the __ __ __ ＿＿or ＿＿Legal System.是否应该引入陪审制度Whether China's jury system should be adopted①我认为引进陪审制度能够让公民投入法律实践中，陪审制度可以增进公民对于司法的了解。
I think the introduction of jury system can let citizens in legal practice, jury system can improve citizen for the judicial understanding.②我们都知道现在法官压力很大，陪审团的设立能够让判决透明化和公正化，陪审团有利于分担法官的压力。
We all know that the judge has a lot of pressure right now, the jury can make decision of judge transparent and justice, the jury contribute to share the pressure of the judge.③陪审团制度能够避免司法腐败，保证司法的廉洁。
The jury system can avoid the judicial corruption, and ensure judicial integrity.第二章 英国发展史重点：注重客观题 判断题 御前会议；末日审判书；贤人会议；骑士制度主观题 巡回法院的目的；令状制度Writ ；衡平法出现的原因Origin and Historical Development of Anglo-American LawThe Origins and historical development of English LawThe Origins of Common LawThe Origins of Equity (equity law)（1） The Anglo-Saxons(5CD-1066)Custom God-judging / Consanguinity Revenge -----SALIKEleges barbarorum (barbarian) 野蛮法典Witan/ Witenagemote 贤人一 The Shaping of common law 普通法的形成（2） Norman conquest knight service 骑士制度feudal system established 封建制度的确立 Domesday Book 末日审判书（3） Centralization of Justice 司法的中央集权制Two steps …1 审判机构：“御前会议”(Curia Regis) from witan“御前会议”成员:(国王King + 官僚clerks +直接受封者 tenants-in-chief or barons)必要时“御前扩大会议”： (大领主lords +地方代表/骑士 knights + burgess (‘bɜːdʒɪs])下议员 --〉议会parliament•为处理占有诉讼和根据告发的重罪案件而派出巡回法官，巡回法院对普通法的影响？15世纪初-国王的审判就发展成为三大法院和一个委员会的司法体制。
由御前会议分为: 财政部法院 / 民事诉讼法院 / 王座法院 ----〉普通法法院普通法 = 通行于全王国的法律(the law common to the realm) 由御前会议发展为国王咨议委员会 将普通习惯统一成普通法Unify common custom into common law*巡回法院—从中央下派往各地 贯彻中央司法理念 implement the Central Judicial idea2. 审判制度—令状制度 writA: The enforcement of a claim presupposed the existence of a special form of action, a writ, with the result that the original common law represented a system of ‘action’ similar to that of classical Roman law.某项诉讼请求的强制执行是以法院令状这种特殊诉讼形式的存在为前提的，而这就使最初的普通法表现为由类似于 古罗马法的“诉讼行为”所构成的体系。
B: If a writ existed (in 1227) a claim could be enforced;在1227年有法院令状,诉讼请求就要强制执行；C: there was no recourse for a claim without a writ, the claim did not exist.没有法院令状为前提的诉讼请求，就没有追索权，因而该 诉讼请求也就不存在。
D: This system became inflexible when the "Provisions of Oxford" (1258) prohibited the creation of new writs, except for the flexibility which the "writ upon the case" allowed and which later led to the development of contract and tort law.这一制度在（1258年）“牛津条例”禁止新令状 产生以后变得固定下来；这种“个案令状”使该制度变得较为灵活了，而且导致了后来合同法和侵权法的发展。