语法复习：定语从句考点易错点归纳考点一：关系代词的用法1.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别：1)The girl who/that is holding a pink umbrella is Jim’s sister.2)I like the novel Gone with the Wind very much, which is popular with readers all over the world.①形式上：非限制性定语从句和主句之间用逗号隔开，不能用that引导。
②作用上：限制性定语从句与主句关系密切，对先行词起修饰限制作用，如果去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。
非限制性定语从句与主句关系不密切，对主句起补充说明作用，去掉从句，意思仍然完整。
2.先行词+who/whom引导的定语从句：1)Most students like the teachers _________ can understand them.2)The professor ____________________they want to visit is president of the university.3)Anyone __________laughs last laughs best.4)Do you know the woman with ____________ my manager talked just now?①who在定语从句中作什么成分？②whom在定语从句中作什么成分？③who/whom什么时候可以省略？④什么时候只能用whom⑤先行词为指人的one, ones, anyone, those 时，关系代词常用who。
3.先行词+whose引导的定语从句：1)The prize will go to the writer whose story shows the most imagination.2)The school shop, whose customers are mainly students , is closed for the holiday.①whose :“…的”，其后紧跟______词，在定语从句中作________。
②先行词是人还是物?4.先行词+that引导的定语从句1)Those dogs were well trained by their masters _________ had great experience with caring for those animals.2)The old town has small houses __________were built in the Tang Dynasty.►that 的先行词可以是____________, 在从句中作_________________, 指人时，一般可与_______互换；指物时，一般可与__________互换。
►温馨提醒：that不能引导非限制性定语从句，不能用于“介词+关系代词”结构。
5.先行词+which引导的定语从句1)Tell me about the film which you saw last night.2)Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, which of course made all the others unhappy.3)China is a large country in which many different dialects are spoken.►which修饰的先行词为_______, 在定语从句中作_________, 引导限制性定语从句时一般可以和_____互换。
►在例2中，which引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，不可以换成that.►在例3中，in which 为“介词+关系代词结构”，which 也不可以换成that.考点二：“介词+关系代词”的用法1.先行词+介词+which/ whom+主语+谓语…1)He found a box in ___________there were many toys.2)The old lady to __________ I gave the bread just now is homeless.2.先行词+all/both/ some/ none/ most/ 数词/the+比较级或最高级+of which/whom+主语+谓语1)Your speech was heard by a group of five judges(评委）, all of _______agreed that it was te best one this year.2)The football team has 15 members, the oldest of _________ is 25 years.3)They made several suggestions, none of __________ were practical(实际的）.3.whose+名词=the +名词+ of whom/which= of whom/which+the +名词（略）►如何确定“介词+关系代词”结构中的介词？1)根据定语从句中动词、形容词的习惯搭配2)根据与先行词搭配的具体含义3）根据句意考点三：关系副词的用法1.表示地点的先行词+where+ 主语+谓语1)He runs away to London, where he met a man called Fagin.2)There are some situations where body language is the only form of cummunication.①where 表地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词in/at/on…+which”②先行词为表地点含义的抽象名词situation, case, position等，且从句缺少地点状语时，常用where引导。
2.表示时间的先行词+when+主语+谓语1)That was the moment when I made my decision.2)The last time I went to Scotland was in May, when the weather was beautiful.►when表时间，在从句中作时间状语，相当于”at/in/ on/during……+which”3.先行词reason(s)+why+ 主语+谓语1)The reason why he was absent(缺席的）from school was that he was ill.2)The reason that/ which he explained to me is unreasonable(不合理的）. (为啥不用why?)►why表原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于for which.考点四：as引导的定语从句1)As we all know/ As is known to all, Shanghai is the largest city in China.2)An elepant is like a tree, as everybody can see.3)As is often the case, people stare at their phones while waiting for buses.►as 引导非限制性定语从句，指代____________的内容,可放在主句之前、之后或中间，as 常用作see, know, report, show等动词的宾语，意为“正如、正像”。
考点五：关系代词只用that 不用which的情况1)This is all that I have.2)I don’t agree with everything that he said at the meeting.►先行词是everything/ something/ anything/ nothing/ all/ none/some/few/little等不定代词时，关系代词常用that。
1)The first thing that my brother is going to do this afternoon is to write a letter.2)It was the best meal that I had ever had.►先行词之前有序数词或最高级修饰。
3)This is the only film that I’m interested in.4)This is the very book that I would like to buy.这正是我要买的书。
►先行词之前有the only, the very(正是）修饰。
►注意：在以上两种情况下，如果先行词是人，用who也可以。
5)Martha took photos of the things and people that she was interested in.►先行词既包括人又包括物。
考点六：先行词way后的定语从句►way做先行词，如果从句中缺少方式状语，相当于“用这种方式、方法（=in this way) 时，用in which来引导，也可以用that, 或者省略二者。
►若引导词在从句中作主语、宾语或表语时，用关系代词that/which引导。
1)I like the way __________________you communicate with your kids.2)The way ______________ you came up with at the meeting yesterday is well worth trying.►那些年我们曾经掉过的坑——定语从句易错题汇总1.Nearly 790 million people around the world do not get enough to eat, most of _______live in developing countries.2. Mr. Brown has written 20 novels, most of ________ are about space exploration.3. Later, my teacher, she realized my prblem, had a face-to-face talk with me.(改错）4. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pest shop in Macclesfield, ______ she opened with her late huband Les.5. I will never forget the time when we spent together.(改错）6. However, the score is not the only thing _______ is needed.7. Some foreign luxury goods young girls are crazy about them are currently available online. (改错）8. The factory was built in a secret place, around which is high mountains.（改错）9. It was Johnson, ______ studied very hard, ______ often offered us help.10. Is it the years ______ you worked in the factory ______ have a great effect on your works?11. Occasions are quite rare _______ I have the time to spend a day with my kids.12.Almost every day we come across situations ________ we have to make decisions.参考答案：1. whom2.which3.she---who4. which5.when-that/which6. that7. 去掉them 8.is---are 9.who, that10. when, that 11. when 12. where。