当前位置:文档之家› 现在完成时-延续性与非延续性动词专题

现在完成时-延续性与非延续性动词专题


• 终止性动词又叫瞬间动词或点动词,瞬间动词的肯 定句在一般情况下,不能与表示一段时间的状语或 疑问词连用。 • 但是在否定句中,瞬间动词也可以和表示一段时间 的状语、连词连用,它的含义是好长时间没进行这 个动作了,没进行此动作的状态就可以延续。 • 可用于现在完成时态,但由于动作是瞬时间完成的 所以不能与for或since引出的时间状语连用。 • 英语中常见的非延续性动词在完成时态中可改为相 应的表示延续性的动词或短语,这时可与表示一段 时间的的状语连用。
• 例句中的die、come为终止性动词,不能与表示"段 时间"的状语连用。那么,应如何正确表达呢?可以 采用下面的四种方法: • (1)将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词, 如 上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式. • (2)用句型“It is+段时间+since...”表达原意,如上面两 例中的第二种正确表达方式。 • (3)用句型“时间+has passed+since...”表达原意,如上 面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。 • (4)将句中表示“段时间”的状语改为表示过去确定时 间的状语,如下面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。
终止性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中,但不 可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中。 when表示的时间是"点时间"(从句谓语动词用终止性动 词),也可以是"段时间"(从句谓语动词用延续性动词)。 而while表示的是一个较长的时间或过程,从句谓语动词 用延续性动词。 • 1. When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock. • (reach为终止性动词) • 2. Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. • (be away为延续性动词短语)
终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中,成为 可以延续的状态,因而可与表示一段时间的状 语连用。 • 1.He hasn't left here since 1986. • 2.I haven't heard from my father for two weeks.
• 终止性动词的否定式与until/till连用,构成 “not+终止性动词+until/till ...”的句型。 • 意为"直到……才……"。 • 如:1. You can't leave here until I arrive. • 直到我到了,你才能离开这里。 • 2. I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight. • 今天晚上直到我画完画,我才上床睡觉。
• • • • • •
他来这儿五天了。 误:He has come here for five days. 正:He has been here for five days. 正:It is five days since he came here. 正:Five days has passed since he came here. 正:He came here five days ago.
延续性动词与非延续性动词
• 动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长 短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。
• 延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如:study, learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。 • 延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。 延续性动词的用法很广,常见于现在完成 时中的句子中,且常与for,how long, since等引导的表示一段时间的状语或状语 从句连用。
终止性动词完成时不可与how long连用(只限 于肯定式)。 • 误:How long have you come here? • 正:How long have you been here? • 正:When did you come here?
注意
• 在不同的语言环境中,有些动词可以作延 续性动词或非延续性动词, 如: sit, walk, move, run, feel 等。 • 1. He sat in the grass, watching the sun rising.
• 4. how long
• 非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词 或点动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发 生后立即结束。 • 如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy, move, happen, marry, arrive/reach, post, fall, break, lose, give, join, receive, hear, hear from, become等。
• 3. His grandfather has died for over 30 years. ( 错 )
• 4. His grandfather has been dead for over 30 years. ( 对 )
• • • • • • • • • •
非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用, 如:two years ago; at 5 o'clock; 例: He unfortunately passed away last year. 他去年不幸逝世。 He died 5 years ago. 否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。例: I haven't left here for 3 years. I haven't heard from my parents for a long time. 我有好长时间没收到父母来信了。 He hasn't left home for a week. 他有一个星期没出门了。 如果要与for+ 时间段,since+年份,since+时间段+ago,how long连用时,瞬间性动词要变延续性动词。
非延续性动词 become come back come to/get to/ arrive(in/at)/reach/ move to go (get) out put on fall/become ill get up catch a cold fall asleep get to know wake up/get up close get married
• 1. He is dying. • 2. He has died.
• 一个生物体是死是活,界与其终结生命的 前与后的一霎那,如果上述例句加上了表 达段的时间状语,试请问:该人是死是活?
• 但是,有几个表示去向的非延续性动词如 go, come, start, leave 等,可以同表示时间段的状语 for 短语连用。 • 但要注意,这种用法的 for 短语表示的不是句中谓语动 词延续的时间,而是该动词动作完成后再做某事所需要 的时间。 • 例如: • 1. She has gone to Nanjing for three days. (= She’s come here, intending to stay for three days.) • 2. Alice has left for Paris for three months. (= Alice has left for Paris, intending to stay there for three months.) • 3. We are starting for Shanghai for two weeks. (= We are going to Shanghai, and we are planning to stay there for two weeks.)
• 表示时间段的短语有: • 1.for+一段时间: • eg: for 2 years; for a long time等 • 2.since从句 • since he came here • 3.since+时间点名词(+ago) • eg:since last year, since 5 days ago
延续性动词 be be back be (in)/stay(in/at) live in
be out wear be ill be up have a cold be asleep know be up be closed be married
• • • • • •
例:他死了三年了。 误:He has died for three years. 正:He has been dead for three years. 正:It is three years since he died. 正:Three years has passed since he died. 正:He died three years ago.
(延续性动词)
• 2. He sat in the grass and began to read.
(非延续性动词)
• 1.我买了这块手表五年了。 • I have bought this watch for five years. • I have had this watch for five years/since 5 years ago. • 2.这位老人已经死了十年了。 • The old man has died for ten years. • The old man has been dead for ten years/since 10 years ago.
延续性动词与非延续ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้动词之间的转换
非延续性动词
相关主题