专题05完形知识修养训练---熟词生义【理论回顾】在英语高考当中，完形填空的地位不容小觑。
高考考查完形填空这种题型不仅是针对学生语法能力的考查，还同时包括了语篇感悟能力，上下文过度分析能力，词汇区别运用能力的考查，甚至还牵涉了生活常识的判断能力。
通常高考设计的完形多为是小故事中渗透出智慧与哲理。
在教学生如何做好完形填空的过程中，发现做完形填空就好比盖大楼，掌握好语篇语境就好比设计并塑造好大楼的整体框架格局，但还缺少填充大楼砖块，也就是堆砌出一篇完形填空的词汇的意义。
因此，学生在把握好完形全局语境的前提下，如果对词汇的用法掌握程度不是很到位，依然不能达到理想的效果。
而在分析词汇的过程中，学生对词汇在不同语境中体现出的不同的词性，不同的意思以及衍生出的相应派生词的这种现象相当迷茫与困惑，常常因为个别词汇衍生的陌生词性，或陌生意思而对完形望而生畏，甚至一段时期积累下来慢慢的就对自己的信心大打折扣。
所以在完形填空中常常因语境需要而考查一词多义或一词多性，于是就有了熟词生义这种现象。
考生对绝大多数单词的前一、两个常用义项比较熟悉，而出现在考卷中的是该词的其他义项就开始迷茫慌张了，导致信息获取不准确而丢分。
说明许多考生语感不强，语言体验不够和领悟能力有待进一步提高。
但是问题的出现总是会伴随着解决的方法。
一、动词偏义现象动词是英语句子的灵魂，所以在整个句子的理解上，动词的理解程度就决定了句子的理解程度了。
例如：（福建高考卷）Not too long ago, an incident that happened at Walt Disney touched me greatly. A guest told the front-desk clerk she had had a (n) wonderful vacation, but was heartbroken about losing several rolls of Kodak color film she had not yet developedNow, please understand that we have no written service rules covering lost photos in the park.Fortunately,the clerk at the front desk understanding Disney's idea of caring for our guests. “develop”的熟义本应该是“发展”的意思，但在这篇完形中我们得先根据上下文弄清楚“film”是胶卷的意思，客人丢了几卷还未冲洗的柯达胶卷而心碎，从而推敲出“develop”在文中应该是“冲印”的这个偏义。
而“cover”作为动词本来是“覆盖，掩盖”的意思，但根据语境“cover”在这里应当是“涉及,弥补损失”的这个偏义。
二、名词偏义现象相对动词的熟词偏义而言，名词的偏义可能没有那么灵活多变，在立足于上下文判断的技巧的同时可能需要立足于原来的基本意思作出相应的延伸猜测。
例如：（辽宁高考卷）It was a bright spring afternoon when Freda told me she wouldn’t need me any more. I had just finished my four-hour work － moving up and down the stairs of her three-storey home. cleaning the floor and washing the dishes.I left Freda’s house that day, wondering about the nature of my relationship with my clients（主顾）. Who am I to them? As a matter of fact, I’m merely an employee －the lowest kind of employee. “nature”本来是“大自然”的意思，文中Freda考虑的是她与主顾之间的关系问题，故在这里“nature”应该是“本质、实质”的这个偏义。
三、词性活用导致偏义现象词性活用导致偏义不仅要从语法角度重新确认该词在语境中的词性，同时还要兼顾考虑意思，所以难度系数偏大，但完形的语境把握依然能帮个大忙。
例如：（湖北高考卷）Elizabeth Clay decided to go home and spend the holiday with her parents. The next day she drove her old car home along the road. Suddenly she found she got a flat. The 22-year-old student managed to stop her car by the side of the road in the winter night and opened the trunk. no spare tire.从上下文语境分析，学生得先猜“got a flat”的意思。
本来“flat”作为名词是“公寓”的意思，作为形容词本意是“平坦的”，在这里应该引申的是“车胎没气”的意思。
然后再根据常识理解，车因漏气靠在路边得先去确认车上是否有备用车胎。
学生在课本中掌握的“spare”是动词词性的，但在此文其却作为形容词词性，且猜得它的意思应该引申为“备用的”的这个偏义。
（山东卷）Life is filled with challenges. As we get older we come to realize that those challenges are the very things that shape us and make us who we are ,it is the same with the challenges that come with friendship .在这个语段中，“shape”呈现的是动词词性“塑造”的这个偏义；而课标要求掌握的应该是名词“形状”的意思。
【想一想】你能说几个英语中熟词生义的词吗？【练一练】一．写出下列句中熟词的生义1.about （熟义：关于）We spent the whole afternoon walking.2.absence （熟义：缺席的）He looked at me in an absent way.3.ache (熟义：疼痛)He was aching for home.4.add （熟义：加）“They don’t know.”he added.5.age (熟义：年龄)Worry aged him rapidly.6.arrange (熟义：安排，整理)I’ve arranged with neighbours about filling the manager’s job.7.appreciate (熟义：欣赏，感激)I appreciate that I may be worry.8.back (熟义：背)Many of his friends backed his plan.9.blank (熟义：空白的，空白)(1)The stranger returned my greeting with a blank look.(2)I can’t think where I’ve left my umbrella；my mind is a completeblank. 10.count（熟义：数，数目）(1)Every minute counts.(2)On the whole she counted herself a fortunate wife.二．完形填空专项训练完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
When I was 8 years old，I once decided to run away from home.With my suitcase 1 and some sandwiches in a bag，I started for the front door and said to Mom，“I'm leaving.”“If you want to 2 ， that's all right，” she said.“But you came into this home without anything and you can leave the same way.” I 3 my suitcase and sandwiches on the floor heavily and started for the door again.“Wait a minute，”Mom said.“I want your 4 back.You didn't wear anything when you arrived.” This really angered me.I tore my clothes off—shoes，socks，underwear and all—and 5 ，“Can I go now？” “Yes，” Mom answered，“but once you close that door，don't expect to come back.”I was so 6 that I slammed(砰地关上) the door and stepped out on the front porch.7 I realized that I was outside，with nothing on.Then I noticed that down the street，two neighbor girls were walking toward our house.I ran to 8 behind a big tree in our yard at once.After a while，I was 9 the girls had passed by.I dashed to the front door and banged on it loudly.“Who's there？” I heard.“It's Billy! Let me in！”The voice behind the 10 answered，“Billy doesn't live here anymore.He ran away from home.”Gl ancing behind me to see if anyone else was coming，I begged，“Aw，c'mon，Mom! I'm 11 your son.Let me in！”The door inched open and Mom's smiling face appeared.“Did you change your 12 about running away？” she asked.“What's for supper？” I answered.1．A.packed B．returned C．cleaned D．repaired2．A.drop out B．go by C．move around D．run away3．A.pressed B．shook C．threw D．pulled4．A.bag B．clothes C．sandwiches D．suitcase5．A.explained B．suggested C．continued D．shouted6．A.angry B．sorry C．frightened D．ashamed7．A.Certainly B．Naturally C．Suddenly D．Possibly8．A.play B．hide C．rest D．wave9．A.sure B．proud C．eager D．curious10．A.house B．tree C．door D．yard11．A.also B．still C．even D．already 12．A.conclusion B．promise C．concern D．decision【乐一乐】My little dog can't readMrs. Brown: Oh, my dear, I have lost my precious little dog!Mrs. Smith: But you must put an advertisement in the papers!Mrs. Brown: It's no use, my little dog can't read.我的狗不识字布朗夫人：哦，亲爱的，我把珍爱的小狗给丢了！史密斯夫人：可是你该在报纸上登广告啊！布朗夫人：没有用的，我的小狗不认识字。