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化合物英文命名

第二章 化合物英文命名
§2.1无机化合物 (Inorganic compounds)
一、元素(Elements)
1 H hydrogen 2 Li lithium 3 Na sodium 4 K potassium 5 Rb rubidium 6 Cs cesium/caesium 7 Fr francium
❖ 34 ❖ 35 ❖ 36 ❖ 37 ❖ 38 ❖ 39 ❖ 40 ❖ 41 ❖ 42 ❖ 43 ❖ 44
F fluorine Cl chlorine Br bromine I iodine At astatine/astatium He helium Ne neon Ar argon Kr krypton Xe xenon Rn radon
❖ 70 Cu copper ❖ 71 Ag silver ❖ 72 Au gold ❖ 73 Zn zinc ❖ 74 Cd cadmium ❖ 75 Hg mercury
❖ La系 ❖ 76 Ce 铈 cerium ❖ 77 Sm 钐 samarium
❖ 锕系 ❖ 78 U 铀 uranium
❖ ZnS zinc sulfide (sulfur)
❖ CuO copper oxide (oxygen)
❖ 对于化学式组成的数目的表示方法,西方采 用希腊文数目词头表示,对于整个原子团的 数目则用表示倍数的拉丁文词头表示之.Eg:
❖ CO carbon monoxide ❖ CO2 carbon dioxide ❖ CS2 carbon disulfide ❖ N2O4 dinitrogen tetroxide
Ca(PCl6)2 calcium bis(hexachlorophosphate) 二(六氯络合磷酸)钙
❖ 对于变价元素,则要标出元素的价态。
❖ Eg:
❖ FeCl3 iron(Ⅲ) chloride

iron(3+) chloride
❖ MnO2 manganese(Ⅳ or 4+) oxide K4Fe(CN)6
❖ NaCl
❖ NaClO4 ❖ NaClO
sodium chloride sodium perchlorate sodium hypochlorite
❖ NaNO3 NaNO2
❖ NaN3
sodium nitrate sodium nitrite sodium nitride
❖ ZnS
❖ ZnSO4 ❖ ZnSO3
8 Be berylium 9 Mg magnesium 10 Ca calcium 11 Sr strontium 12 Ba barium 13 Ra radium
❖ 14 B boron ❖ 15 Al aluminum ❖ 16 Ga gallium ❖ 17 In indium ❖ 18 Tl thallium ❖ 19 C carbon ❖ 20 Si silicon ❖ 21 Ge germanium ❖ 22 Sn tin ❖ 23 Pb lead
❖ for example:

ClO4-

IO4-

MnO4-
Perchlorate Periodate Permanganate
❖ Eg :
❖ CaCl2 ❖ Ca(ClO3)2 ❖ Ca(ClO)2
calcium chloride calcium chlorate calcium hypochlorite
无氧酸
命名规则:hydro-词根-ic acid Example: HF: hydrofluoric acid HCl: hydrochloric acid HBr: hydrobromic acid HI : hydroiodic acid H2S : hydrosulfuric acid
3.碱 Bases
❖ Phosphoric acid 磷酸 H3PO4 ❖ Phosphorous acid 亚磷酸 H3PO3 ❖ Hypophosphorous acid 次磷酸 HPO2 ❖ 再如:
HNO3 nitric acid 硝酸
HNO2 nitrous acid 亚硝酸
❖ chloric acid
氯酸 HClO3
❖ 24 ❖ 25 ❖ 26 ❖ 27 ❖ 28 ❖ 29 ❖ 30 ❖ 31 ❖ 32 ❖ 33
N nitrogen P phosphorus As arsenic Sb antimony Bi bismuth O oxygen S sulfur Se selenium Te tellurium Po polonium
性。
❖ FeCl3 ferric chloride ❖ FeCl2 ferrous chloride
习惯性地: ❖ NH3 ammonia (hydrogen nitride) ❖ H2O water (hydrogen oxide) ❖ SiH4 silane (silicon hydride)
❖ 55 Cr chronium ❖ 56 Mo molybdenum ❖ 57 W wolfram / tungsten ❖ 58 Mn manganese ❖ 59 Tc technetium ❖ 60 Re rhenium
❖ 61 Fe iron ❖ 62 Co cobalt ❖ 63 Ni nickel ❖ 64 Ru ruthenium ❖ 65 Rh rhodium ❖ 66 Pd palladium ❖ 67 Os osmium ❖ 68 Ir iridium ❖ 69 Pt platinum
Chromium(II)
Chromium(III)
Manganese(IV)
Manganese(II)
❖ Naming nonmetal ions (anions)
❖ Monatomic anions
Anion’s name = Element’s ride
个元素组成的都应当用该办法。
❖ -ide
- ate 正价态盐
❖ -ide
- ite 亚价态盐
❖ -ide
per- ate 高价态盐
❖ -ide
hypo- ite 次价态盐
❖ for example:
❖ ClO3- Chlorate ❖ IO3- Iodate ❖ PO43- Phosphate ❖ NO3- Nitrate ❖ SO42- Sulfate ❖ CO32- Carbonate
Br- Bromide I- Iodide S= Sulfide
O= Oxide
OH- Hydroxide CN- Cyanide H- Hydride
❖ Polyatomic oxyanions
❖ Anion’s name = Central Element’s root – ate(正酸根)
❖ Anion’s name = Central element’s root -
2.酸 Acid
❖ 在 acid 之前加一词 , …acid 称为某酸 在acid之前一词尾加“-ous” 表示亚酸 在acid之前一词尾加“- ic ” 表示(正)酸 在acid之前一词头加“per-” 表示高酸 在acid之前一词头加“hypo-” 表示次酸 Eg: ❖ sulfuric acid 硫酸 ❖ sulfurous acid 亚硫酸 ❖ Permanganic acid 高猛酸 HMnO4
二.化合物及酸碱盐
❖ 1.化合物(Compounds)
❖ 对化合物进行系统命名时,将正离子或电 正性的元素名称放在前面,负离子或负电性 元素放在后面,词尾作一定删减后加上词尾 “-ide”。 Eg.
❖ CaCl2 calcium chloride ❖ NaF sodium fluoride
chlorine fluorine
Al3+ Aluminum
K+ Potassium Ca2+ Calcium
❖ Multivalence Cation’s name = Element(N)
For example:
Fe2+ Fe3+ Cr2+ Cr3+ Mn4+ Mn2+
Iron(II)
or Ferrous
Iron(III)
or Ferric
❖ for example: ❖ ClO2- Chlorite ❖ IO2- Iodite ❖ PO33- Phosphite ❖ NO2- Nitrite ❖ SO32- Sulfite
❖ for example:

ClO- Hypochlorite

IO- Hypoiodite

PO23- Hypophosphite
❖ KI potassium iodide
iodine
❖ IBr iodine bromide
bromine
HF hydrogen fluoride HCl hydrogen chloride HBr hydrogen bromide HI hydrogen iodide H2S hydrogen sulfide H2Se hydrogen selenide H2Te hydrogen telluride H2O2 hydrogen peroxide
4.盐
❖ 正盐(Normal salt) :根据化学式从左往右 分别读出阳离子和阴离子的名称.
Normal salt = Cation + anion
Naming metal ions(cations)
❖ Single valence ions
Cation’s name = Element
Na+ Sodium
Perchloric acid 高氯酸 HClO4
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