Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds 无机化合物的命名（Prefix 词头,前缀Suffix 词尾,后缀Stem 词根） 1.Trivial Names 俗名H2O water 不说dihydrogen oxideNH3 ammonia 不说nitrogen trihydrideCaO quicklimeCaCO3 limestone 2.Systematic Nomenclature 系统命名1）Oxide 氧化物——先命名非氧元素ZnOzinc oxideCaO calcium oxideCO carbon oxideNa2O2 sodium peroxideH2O2hydrogen peroxide 注：peroxide 过氧化物2）Hydroxide 氢氧化物（base 碱）Ba（OH）2 barium hydroxideKOH potassium hydroxide3）Acid 酸Hydro acid 氢酸General formula 通式:HnX 命名：hydro- + stem of X + -ic acid H2S hydrosulfuric acid（英） hydrosulphuric（美）氢硫酸S:sulfur（英）、sulphur（美）HBr 氢溴酸hydrobromic acidBr: bromine HCl 氢氯酸（盐酸）hydrochloric acidCl: chlorine HF 氢氟酸hydrofluoric acidF: fluorineOxoacid or Oxyacid 含氧酸General formula 通式：HnXOm 命名：Stem of X + -ic acid 注：oxo- （oxy-）含氧, 氧代H2SO4 sulfuric acid（英） sulphuric acid（美）H2CO3 carbonic acidH3PO4 phosphoric acid P： phosphorus H3BO3 boric acid B： boron HNO3 nitric acid N： nitrogen If X has two oxidation states ：-ic：the higher oxidation state-ous：the lower oxidation stateH2SO4 sulfuric acidH2SO3 sulfurous acid 1/5HNO3 nitric acidHNO2 nitrous acidIf X （such as halogens） has more than two oxidation states ：halogen 卤素per- （过，高） + -ic ：the still higher oxidation state hypo- （次,在,下） + -ous：the still lower oxidation state HClO3 chloric acidHClO2 chlorous acidHClO4 perchloric acidHClO hypochlorous acidHIO hypoiodous acid4）Salt 盐General formula 通式:MnXm 命名：Name of M stem of X + -ide （- ide, 化物）Oxide 、chloride 、nitride 、hydrideKI potassium iodideAl2S3 aluminum sulfideLiH lithium hydrideOxysalt 含氧酸盐Name the metal ion first and then the anion Naming anions:-ate anions derived from the -ic acid（the higher oxidation state of X） -ite anions derived from the -ous acid （the lower oxidation state of X） HNO3 nitric acidNaNO3 sodium nitrateHNO2 nitrous acidNaNO2 sodium nitriteSO42- sulfateSO32- sulfite AgClO4 silver perchlorateNaIO3 sodium iodateKClO2 potassium chlorite KBrO potassium hypobromite MnO42- manganate MnO4- permanganate Acid salt 酸式盐Using “ hydrogen ” to specify NaHSO4 sodium hydrogen sulfate NaH2PO4 sodium dihydrogen phosphate Na2HPO4 disodium hydrogen phosphate P: phosphorus phosphate 磷酸盐（根）Using prefix bi- + name of anion if only one acid salt existsNaHSO4 sodium bisulfateH”NaHSO3 sodium bisulfiteKHCO3 potassium bicarbonate5）Metals （M ）with more than one oxidation state 2/5Two methods: ①后缀法: 早期使用stem of M + -ic the higher oxidation state of M stem of M + -ous the lower oxidation state of M HgI2 mercuric iodideHg2I2 mercurous iodide Hg:mercury Cr2+ chromousCr3+ chromic Cr: chromium注：In most cases, Latin stem is used if the metal has symbol derived from its Latin name.（mercury is an exception）Cu:cuprum （拉丁）,copper （英）Cu+ cuprousCu2+ cupricCuI cuprous iodideCuS cupric sulfide Sn:stannum (拉丁), tin ( 英) SnCl2 stannous chlorideSnO2 stannic oxideFe:ferrum ( 拉丁), iron ( 英)Fe(OH)2 ferrous hydroxideFeBr3 ferric bromide② IUPAC Rule 1957 年开始使用English name of metal(Roman numeral)CuBr copper(I) bromideCuF2 copper(II) fluorideSnO tin(II) oxideSnS2 tin(IV) sulfideFe(NO3)2 iron(II) nitrateFe2(SO4)3 iron(III) sulfateUse Greek prefixes 希腊文前缀Mon (0)—di 二tri 三tetr (a)四pent (a) 五hex (a) 六hepta 七octa 八nona 九1．to specify the number of each atom in the chemical formula.NO2 nitrogen dioxidePCl5 phosphorus pentachlorideCO2 carbon dioxide 2．to specify the number of identical central atoms in condensed acids and their corresponding anions.condensed acid 缩酸H3PO4 (mono)phosphoric acidH4P2O7 diphosphoric acid3/5H2SO4 sulfuric acidH2S3O10 trisulfuric acidCrO42- 铬酸盐(根) chromateCr2O72- 重铬酸盐(根)dichromate3. to indicate extent of substitutionPO43- phosphatePS2O23- dithiophosphate thio-硫代”硫的，含硫的注：The prefixes ortho- and meta- have been used to distinguish acids differing in the “content of water. ”ortho- [ 希腊词头] 正、原(无机酸用)邻(位) (有机化合物命名)meta- [希腊词头] 偏(无机酸用)间(位) (有机化合物命名)ortho-acid 原酸；meta-acid 偏酸H3BO3 orthoboric acid(or boric acid) (原)硼酸(HBO3)n metaboric acid 偏硼酸H4SiO4 orthosilicic acid(or silicic acid) 原硅酸H2SiO3 metasilicic acid 硅酸(习惯上不叫偏硅酸)H3PO4 orthophosphoric acid (or phosphoric acid) (正)磷酸(HPO3)n metaphosphoric acid 偏磷酸。