1000万吨/年大庆原油常减压工艺设计摘要本文对近年来常减压蒸馏工艺的研究现状及发展趋势进行了综述，介绍了石油蒸馏过程的基本原理及重要性、国内外现状及发展趋势，简要分析了能源利用与环境保护问题。
从常减压蒸馏工艺流程出发对换热流程进行了优化、对比各种方案的优劣制定了加工方案、从目前的能量系统综合与优化技术、低温余热回收技术及清洁能源的开发和利用等方面介绍了国内外节能技术改造措施，通过技术的更新和设备的改造达到了扩大生产、节约能源、提高产品质量与拔出率、稳定生产、提高经济效益的目的，从而使常减压技术达到或接近当代世界先进水平，满足了当代社会的需求。
本设计以大庆原油为原料，从原油的物理性质估算数据出发确定工艺流程加工方案，以物料平衡和热平衡为基础进行常减压蒸馏装置设计，其中包括初馏塔、常减压塔及加热炉的设计,并进行了塔板的设计与水力学计算。
其特点是处理量大、操作弹性好、生产灵活，在工业生产中具有较大可行性，对国内炼厂企业有一定的指导意义。
关键词：蒸馏；常减压蒸馏装置；节能；设计；Technical design of atmosphoric and vacuum distillation of DaQing crude oil ten million tons annuallyAbstractAtmosphoric and vacuum distillation processes and the future research trend are reviewed in this paper. It introduces the basic priciple and the importance of the distillation. It also describes the demetic state as well as international and the future research trend is pointed out. Problems between energy utilization and environment protection are analysized concisely in the paper. Thinking of the technical process of atmosphoric and vacuum distillation, the heat exchange process is optimized. Contrasting the superiority and inferiority of all kings of projects, the processing programme is established. It also introduces the conservation measures from the angular of optimization tecnology of energy systerm, tecnology of energy, tecnology of heat recovery and the development and utilization of clean energy. Though technical and equipment renovation, increasing capacity, saving energy, rasing product quality and extraction, stability production and rasing economic benefit are realized.So the atmosphoric and vacuum distillation technical receive or approach the world leading revel and meet the socal requirment..The paper is designed for processing light Da Qing crude oil, on the basis of extination of physical properties data, material balance and thermal balance, the primaary disitillation tower, atmosphoric and vacuum tower and heater are designed. It has great flexibilities both in operation and produce slates and all products in with in specifications.It alsohasgreat value for demetic refinery.Keywords:distillation; atmosphoric and vacuum distillation; save energy; design目录1前言 (1)1.1 石油的简单介绍 (1)1.2 我国沈北原油的一般性质 (1)1.3 石油的蒸馏过程及重要性 (2)1.4 炼油厂的装置构成及工艺流程 (2)1.5 常减压蒸馏塔的工艺流程 (4)1.6 流程方案的制定 (6)1.7 汽化段数 (7)1.8 常减压蒸馏的换热流程............................................................. 错误!未定义书签。
1.9 原油常减压蒸馏方案的对比 (9)1.10 常压减压蒸馏塔节能问题....................................................... 错误!未定义书签。
1.11总结语 (12)2.1 油品的性质参数 (12)2.2 产品收率和物料平衡................................................................. 错误!未定义书签。
2.3 塔板形式和塔板数..................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。
2.4 操作压力..................................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。
2.5 汽提蒸汽用量............................................................................. 错误!未定义书签。
2.6 常压塔计算草图......................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。
2.7 汽化段温度的确定..................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。
2.8 塔底温度..................................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。
2.9 塔顶及侧线温度的假设与回流热............................................. 错误!未定义书签。
2.10 侧线及塔顶温度的校核........................................................... 错误!未定义书签。
2.11 全塔汽液相负荷分布图........................................................... 错误!未定义书签。
3减压塔计算部分 ........................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。
3.1 减压塔的形式............................................................................. 错误!未定义书签。
3.2 减压塔物料衡算......................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。
4加热炉的计算 ............................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。
4.1 加热炉的形式............................................................................. 错误!未定义书签。
4.2 加热炉热负荷............................................................................. 错误!未定义书签。
5塔板的设计 ................................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。
5.1 基础数据..................................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。
5.2 塔板间距..................................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。
5.3 塔径初算..................................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。
5.4 溢流装置..................................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。