名词名词可以分为可数名词与不可数名词,其中可数名词具有单、复数的形式;而不可数名词没有复数形式。
可数名词:规则变化:1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses,box-boxes,watch-watches,brush-brushes,glass-glasses,dress-dresses3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families(家庭),butterfly-butterflies(蝴蝶),lady-ladies,strawberry-strawberries(草莓)★注意:“元音字母+y”结尾的,直接加-s,如:day-days,boy-boys4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives,leaf-leaves(落叶),wolf-wolves (狼),shelf-shelves(架子),half-halves(一半),thief-thieves(小偷)注意:特殊情况直接加s:gulf-gulfs(海湾),roof-roofs(屋顶),belief-beliefs(信仰),proof-proofs(证据)[此处知道即可,暂时不用记]不规则变化:1.man-men,woman-women,policeman(男警察)-policemen,policewoman(女警察)-policewomen,mouse-mice,child(孩子)-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth(牙齿),ox-oxen(公牛)2.fish-fish(鱼), sheep(羊)-sheep,deer-deer,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese,people-people(人,人们)注意:fish:①当一条鱼讲时,单复数同形,如three fish.②当各种各样的鱼讲时,即强调鱼的种类时,要加es.如:all kinds of fishes .各种各样的鱼③当鱼肉讲时,不可数。
people:当people后加上s时即peoples表示“民族”例如:There are 56 peoples in China. 中国有56个民族。
实记:tomato-tomatoes(西红柿),potato-potatoes(土豆),hero-heroes(英雄)negro-negroes (黑人),volcano-volcanoes(火山)zoo-zoos,photo-photos不可数名词water(水) 、milk(牛奶)、tea(茶) 、rice(米饭)、juice(果汁)、bread(面包),soup (汤),hair,meat,news(消息),work(工作),paper(纸),weather(天气),luck (运气),grass(草)★中日不变,英法变,其余s加后面German-Germans(德国人)1.be 动词遇到名词时的运用: 单数名词用is, 复数名词用are.2.可数名词可以和冠词a/an连用,不可数名词前不可以用冠词a/an.①a和an均用在单数名词之前,表示某一类人或事物中的"一个",相当于汉语的"一",但不强调数目观念。
②a用在辅音(音素)之前,an用在元音(音素)之前。
如:a notebook一个笔记本,a book 一本书,an old man一位老人,an English class一堂英语课。
字母u读作[ju:]时,由于第一个音[j]是辅音,故前面用a,不用an。
如:a useful book 一本有用的书,a university一所大学。
字母h如不发音,第一个音又是元音,前面用an 而不用a,如an hour一小时,an honest person一个诚实的人。
3.many+可数名词、much +不可数名词(表示数量很多)few+可数名词、little+不可数名词(表示数量极少)没几个a few+可数名词、a little+不可数名词(表示数量极少)有几个some, any , a lot of、lots of既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词4、对可数名词的数量提问用how many对不可数名词的数量提问用 how muchHow many books do you have?How much milk does he drink in the morning?5、①可数名词的数量可以直接用数词来修饰如:two students(两个学生)也可用many、a few 、some、any、a lot of ,lots of ,most of 等修饰。
②不可数名词的量有以下两种表示方法:1)用much ,a little ,some,any,a lot of a lot of ,lots of ,most of等表示多少。
如There is much water in the bottle .瓶中有很多水。
I'll tell you much good news.我要告诉你许多好消息。
2)用单位词表示。
(用a ... of 表示。
)如 a cup of (一杯......),a bottle of (一瓶......)a piece of (一张......),a pair of shoes(一双鞋)two cups of tea(两杯茶),five pieces of paper(五张纸)名词的所有格有些名词的可以加’s来表示所有关系,带这种词尾的名词的形式称为该名词的所有格。
如Mary's father(玛丽的父亲) 、Jim's mother(吉姆的母亲) 。
与所有格相对来看,不带这种词尾的形式就称为普通格。
1)单数名词词尾加’s,复数名词词尾如没有s,也要加’s。
如Tom's knife(汤姆的小刀) children's books(儿童书籍)2)表示几个人共有一样东西,只需在最后一个人名字后加’s,如果表示各自所有,则需在各个名字后加’s。
如Jim and Mike's room吉姆和麦克(共用)的房间Jim's and Mike's rooms吉姆和麦克(各自)的房间3)若名词已有复数词尾-s,只加"'"即可。
如the students' reading-room(学生阅览室)Everyone needs to have at least eight hours' sleep a night. 每个人每晚需要至少8小时的睡眠。
表示时间和地点的名词where is today's newspaper? 今天的报纸在哪儿?an hour's walk isn't far. 一小时的路程不远。
练习题一、写出下列名词的复数,无复数用/表示。
I _________this ___________that___________watch _______ diary_________day________ foot________ book_______ dress ______________tooth_______ sheep ______box_______ strawberry _____________thief _______ peach______ sandwich _______________man______ paper_______juice_____________water________milk________rice_________tea___________二、填入适当的词。
1. I have two_____ (knife)2. There are many _____ here. (box)3. There are many _____ on the road. (bus)4. A few _____ are drawing on the wall. (boy)5. The _____ are playing football now. (child)A、Teacher’sB、Teachers’C、Teacher2、Many children like to go to the________Palace on Sunday.A、ChildrenB、Children’sC、Childrens’3、This is________ room. It’s very big.A、Lily and Lucy’sB、Lily’s and Lucy’sC、Lily’s and Lucy4、We visited________house yesterday.A、TomB、TomsC、Tom’s5. The hospital is a bit far from here. It's about _______ .A. forty minutes's walkB. forty minute's walkC. forty minutes walkD. forty minutes' walk<一>、写出下列名词的复数形式1、orange2、class3、text4、monkey5、piano6、child7、shelf8、bed9、country 10、family 11、toy 12、foot 13、Japanese 14、radio 15、photo 16、army 17、tomato 18、fox 19、woman 20、knife21、sheep<二>、选择填空1、There on the wall .They are very beautiful.A. are photoesB. are photosC. is a photoD. is photos2. How many ______ do you see in the picture?A. tomatosB. tomatoesC. tomatoD. the tomato3. ______ and ______ are not friends.A. Foxs…wolfsB. Foxes…wolfsC. Foxes…wolves4. Th at’s art book.A. anB. aC. the D are5. The boys get .A. two breadB. two breadsC. two pieces of breadD. two piece of bread6. The old man wants .A. six boxes of applesB. six boxes of appleC. six box of applesD. six boxs of apples7. There some in the river.A. is ,fishB. are, fishsC. is, fishsD. are ,fish8. There two in the box.A. is watchB. are watchesC. are watchD. is watches9. We should clean twice a day.A .our tooth B. our tooths C.teeth D.our teeth10. They come from different ______A. countryB. countriesC. a countryD. countrys11. They are______.A . woman teachers B. women teachers C. women teacher D. woman teacher12. Would you like _______ ,please?A. two glass of waterB. two glasses of waterC. two glass of watersD. two glasses of waters13. These are the ______ of our national ______.A. photos … heroesB. photoes … heroesC. photos … heros14. There are some ______ in these _______.A.knifes…pencil-boxesB.knives…pencils-boxC.knives…pencil-boxD.knives…pencils-boxes15. There is no ______ in the plate.A. applesB. orangesC. riceD. eggs16. _______ are good for our health.A. TomatosB. TomatoesC. Tomato17. I like to eat cake with ______.A. cherriesB. cherry(樱桃)C.cherrys18. The ______ are running on the ______.A. deer … grassesB. deers … grassC. deer … grass19. I was so hungry and I eat two ______.A. bowls of noodleB. bowls of noodlesC. bowl of noodles20. How many _____ are there in your class ?A. JapaneseB. AmericanC. AustralianD. Canadian21. Most of ______ live in _______.A. Germans, GermanB. German, GermenC. Germen, GermanyD. Germans, Germany<三>、将以下单复数句进行转换1 This is a knife. ______________________________________2 That is a tomato. ______________________________________3 That child is very good._____________________________________4 These are mice. ______________________________________5 Those are children. ______________________________________<四>、选择正确的词形1 How many (radioes, radios) can you see?2 There are 36 (boys, boies) in my class.3 Look at those (sheeps, sheep).4 I don’t want (a, an) old cup.5 Give me that (box, boxes), please.1)写出下列名词的复数形式。