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川大版高数物理类专用第三册复习资料

第一章 行列式1.()()[][][]23154110103631254=520010=8(1)3(1)321(1)(2)(3)2441(1)3214243(1)321012)4n n n n n n n n m n m n n n m n m n n m 1τ=++++=2τ+++++-τ-⋯=-+-+-+⋯+2+1+0===+τ-⋯=+=+τ-⋯=⋯()该数列为奇排列()该排列为偶排列() 当或时,为偶数,排列为偶排列当或时,为奇数,排列为奇排列(其中,,()[][][]12(1)13521)246(2)0123(1)244113521)246(2)424313521)246(2)012)2.(1)(2)(n n n n n n n m n m n n n m n m n n m i i i k n n n -τ⋯-⋯=++++⋯+-===+τ⋯-⋯=+=+τ⋯-⋯=⋯⋯-+-+( 当或时,(为偶数,排列为偶排列当或时,(为奇数,排列为奇排列(其中,,解:已知排列的逆序数为,这个数按从大到小排列时逆序数为()()111112(1)3)2(1)2x x x n x n x n n n n n n x i r i i i n x r i n x n n i i i i i i -+-+---+⋯+2+1+0=----τ⋯=-τ⋯个.设第数之后有个数比小,则倒排后的位置变为,其后个数比小,两者相加为故3 证明:.因为:对换改变排列的奇偶性,即一次变换后,奇排列改变为偶排列,偶排列改变为奇排列∴当n ≥2时,将所有偶排列变为奇排列,将所有奇排列变为偶排列 因为两个数列依然相等,即所有的情况不变。

∴偶排列与奇排列各占一半。

4 (1)13243341a a a a 不是行列式的项 14233142a a a a 是行列式的项 因为它的列排排列逆序列τ=(4321)=3+2+0+0=5为奇数,∴应带负号(2)5142332451a a a a a 不是行列式的项 1352413524a a a a a =1324354152a a a a a 因为它的列排排列逆序列τ(34512)=2+2+2+0+0=6 为偶数∴应带正号。

5 解: 112332441223344114233142a a a a a a a a a a a a 利用τ为正负数来做,一共六项,τ为正,则带正号,τ为负则带负号来做。

6 解:(1)因为它是左下三角形112122313233..........12300...00...0......n n n nna a a a a a a a a a =112131411223242233433444...............0...00 0 (0000)...n n n n nna a a a a a a a a a a a a a a =()()1231122331n nn a a a a τ⋅⋅⋅-⋅⋅⋅=112233nn a a a a ⋅⋅⋅ (2)11123141521222324253132414251520000000a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a =()22232425113211425200010000a a a a a a a a +-+()21`232425213112415100010000a a a a a a a a +-=()()1111112212211010a a a a ++-⋅--⋅=0(3)1200340021131751-=()1212121313451+++-⋅-=32 (4)0000000000000xy x y x y x y yx=()()01212023120000011000x y xy xy x y y x y xx yy x++++++-+-=55x y + 7.证明:11121212212............n nn n nna a a a a a a a a ⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅=将行列式转化为11122120...00...0 0n n a a a a a 若 零元多于2n n -个时,行列式可变为211200...00 0...0n n a a a 故可知行列式为0.8.(1)204136113131212331---=--52041361112302331----=4310361112302331--=-54310594012302331-=-54314315945212106301231370--==-()()1122121212111212112122111112121212122112121122121.)().)1101=y mx b x y x y y y m x x y y y x b x y x x y y x y y x y x y y x b b y x x x x x x y y x y x yy x x x x x x y x y x y y y x y x =+-=--=⋅+----=⋅+⇒=-=-----=⋅+--=-- 第一章 高数 3册9.(1).经过(,,斜率代入(,则又由左边()()2122112122112120x x y x y y y x y x yy x x x x x -+-==--=⋅+--右边则问题特征:()()()()()22222222sin cos cos 2sin cos cos 2sin cos cos 2cos c 10.145os cos 2.=+=221=b cc a a b b c c a a b b c c a b a bc a c a b b c a c a b b c a c a b a b c a b c a b c αααβββγγγααα'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''+++++++++-利用性质和分成六个行列式相加其余结合为零故原式性质2()()22222222222222cos 1cos cos 2cos cos cos 22cos 1cos cos 2cos cos cos 22cos 1cos 1-2+(1)_cos 2cos 2cos cos 2cos 2cos cos 1052cos 2cos cos 2αααββββββγγγγγγαααβββγγγ---=-=--()列列性质()()()()()()22222342222222222222000013.0000401110111101010101111.12324323yz xz xzx y zxyz xyz xyz x z y x xz xy yz x y yz x y yz xz xy zyx z y z x zxyz y z y xyz xyz z x z yz xz xy y x y x a b c daa ba b c a b c da ab a bc a b cd a a ⨯⨯⨯−−−−→←−−−−⋅⋅⨯⋅==⋅⋅+++++++++++++列列列列()()()()()()()()()()()()()()1-122+323423+43-3446310630002324320020363106300363000200b a bc a b c da b cd a b c d a a b a b c a a b a b c a a ba b c a a ba ab a b caa ba b c da ab a bc a a a b a⋅⋅-⋅⋅-⋅++++++++++++−−−−−→−−−−−−→←−−−−−←−−−−−−+++++++++++−−−−−→=←−−−−−+列加到行行列行行行行()()()()()()()()()()()()1-2+21-3+31-+1+1112131*********23311231231000-103-12622-1-2-1032-1-2-30-1002620321-1234!004200013n n n n n n n n n n n nn nn n n n x a a a a a x x a a x x x a x x x x x ⨯⨯⨯−−−−−→←−−−−−⨯=⨯⨯⨯⨯==列列列列列列降阶()()()()()()()()3122322332312213311221331233223321-+21+131131-+11111101-111001n n n n nn nn nn n n nx n n n n x n nn n a x a a x x a x x x a x a x a x a x a x a x a x a x a x a x a x x x a x a x ⨯⨯-----------−−−−−−→-⨯⨯⨯-←−−−−−−-列列列列降阶习题一 13 (1)0000000000x y x y D x y yx= 根据“定义法”(2.3.4.5...)1(1)(1)nI n n n n n D x y x y -=+-=+-(2)1231110002200011n n D n n--=+---根据“降阶法”~n (1)n(n+1)23n-1n 2n(n+1)34n12n(n+1)12n-2n-12D −−−−−→将第2列加到第列上得-1123n-1123n-1n 011111341n(n+1)n(n+1)=01111221122101111n n nn n n n-−−−−−−→----将前一行乘以加到后一行得(2)~(n)(1)1111-n -1111-n 111-n 1-111-n 1n(n+1)(n-1)=211-n 11-11111-n 111−−−−−→将列加到列上得变为阶1111-n 111-n 1n(n+1)=-211-n 111111-1(1)(2)~(n)110110(1)-2101n n n n n ⨯--+−−−−→-列加到列2(1)(2)3222(1)2112222(1)11(1)(1)(1)(1)222n n nn n n n n n n n n n n nn ---+--+---+++=---=-=-(3)212122222111112111111a12111(1)(1)(1)(2)(1)12(2)(2)(1)(2)(1)11(1)(1)n n n n n n n n a a a a a a n a a a a a a a n a a a a a a a n a n a n a n -----------+---−−−→---+------+-+-+-+转置 (1)2(-1)1!2!(1)!n n n -−−−−−→-范达蒙行列式注:根据范达蒙行列式原式=123(1)(1)(2)(1)(1)1!2!(1)!n n n ++++----+=--(1)(2)(2)n ---+-1 =(1)2(1)1!2!(1)!n n n ---(4)122111111111122122222222n n 122-111111111a nn n n nn n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n a a b a b a b b a a b a b a b b n a a b a b a b b --------++++++++第行提出得12211111111112122222n-11212222211111211111111n n n nn n n nn nn n n n n n n n n n n n n b a b a ba ba b b b b a aaa a a ab b b b a a a a -----+-++++-++++ =2111112111112122222n-11212222211111211111111n n n nn n n nn nn n n n n n n n n n n n n b b b b a a a a b b b b a a a a a a a b b b b a a a a ---+-++++-++++=1231()()jn n n ni n j i i j i jb b a a a a a b a b a a ππ+-=-14 (1)证明:cossincos222cossincos 222+cossincos222αβαβαββγβγβγγαγαγα-++-++-+ sincossincos2222=coscos ++22sincos sincos2222βγβγαβαβαββγγαγαγαγα++++---++sincos-22+cos++2sincos22αβαβγαβγβγ++ ++=cos(sin coscossin)cos(sincoscossin)2222222222αββγγαβγγαβγαβγααβγα-++++-++---+cos(sincoscossin)22222γααββγαββγ-++++-cos sin cos sin cos sin222222αββαβγβγγααγ------=-+ 111sin()sin ()sin()222βαγβαγ=-+-+- []1sin()sin()sin()2βααγγβ=-+-+- (2)证明:123422221234444412341111x x x x x x x x xxxx 12341x x x x +++=(3)12(-1)(1)~()na x a a aa a a x a a an a a a a x a a a aaa+++最后一行乘以加到行得 1212123000000000000n n n x x x x x a ax x x x x aaaaa==(4)“递推法”0121100010000100n n a a x a x a x-----01n+n 112100100010100(-1)(1)01n n n a a x x xa a xx +------+--降阶11n n xD a --=+12221112011:n n n n n n D xD a D xD a D a x a x a ------=+=+∴=+++由此类推15.(1) =+=(ab+1)(cd+1)-[a(-d)]=(ab+1)(cd+1)+ad(2) ==(4-6) (-1-15)=32(3) =++=-a(c-d) -a(d-b)-a(d-c)=abd= abd(c-b)(d-b)(c-d)(4)===(==16.范达 行列式V()=31()x x -13221()())()n n n n x x x x x x x x --=---(21211111221111111n n n n n n x x x a a a a a aa ------⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦−−−→←−−−转量行列式12122111111211111n n n n n n x a a a x a x a a a ------⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦=121()(n a x a x a x ----)()21(a -a )11n a a --()32(a -a )1212n n n a a ----()(a -a )(1)因为121n a a -a 为常数。

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