第二轮复习语法专题专题六、七形容词、副词考点梳理考点一:形容词1. 形容词的用法(1)作定语,修饰名词或代词。
a beautiful park something serious(2)作表语,放在系动词的后面。
The play Tea-house(茶馆)is both moving and interesting.It is getting warm.(3)作宾语补足语,放在宾语的后面,与之构成复合宾语。
Who left the window open?We should keep the reading-room quiet.(4)“定冠词the + 形容词”表示一类人或物,作主语或宾语。
The new will take the place of the old .(新事物将代替旧事物)Man loves the true,the good,the beautifuland hates the false,the ugly,the bad.人们爱真、善、美,恨假、丑、恶(5)有些形容词只能作表语,不能作定语。
作定语时,有特殊要求。
这类词有:ill,glad,asleep (睡着的),afraid (害怕的),alive (活着的),alone (单独的),awake (醒着的)等。
She is ill. 她生病了。
(不能说:She is an ill woman)(6)加-ed形容词表示“人感到如何”,加-ing形容词则用来描写事物,如:We were excited about the exciting news.He is interested in the interesting story.2. 形容词在句子中的位置。
(1)形容词一般放在被修饰的名词之前。
在下列情况下,形容词应后置。
A. 修饰复合不定代词something,anything,nothing等。
anything important nothing easyB. 与表示数量的词组连用,表示长、宽、高、深以及年龄。
twenty feet long five years old(2)多个形容修饰一名词时,其顺序为限定词(冠词、指示代词、物主代词、数词等)、表观点性的形容词、形状大小、年龄新旧、颜色、国籍、材质。
我们可以用一句话来记忆:县(限定词)官(观点性的adj.)行(形状大小)令(年龄新旧)赦(颜色)国(国籍)才(材质)。
a fine round maple(枫木)tablea famous old English house考点再现( ) 1. I have _____to tell you. Maybe you will be___ in it.A. interesting something; interestedB. something interesting; interestingC. something interesting; interested( ) 2. ---How amazing the noodle is!---Yes, it is , and breaks the GuinnessWorld Record as the longest handmade noodle.A. 1704-meter-longB. 1704-meters-longC. 1704 meter longD. 1704 meters long考点二:副词1. 副词的构成: 副词修饰动词或形容词,在句子中主要用作状语,一般由形容词加后缀构成。
主要分为以下几种:(1)时间副词,如:late,early,now(2)地点副词,如:here,above,outside,below,there(3)方式副词,如:hard,fast,badly,well(4)程度副词,如:very,quite,much,still,even,almost(5)疑问副词,如:how,when,why(6)频率副词,如:always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,hardly,never3. 副词的位置。
(1)时间副词和地点副词,一般放在句尾,如句中同时有地点副词和时间副词,地点副词通常在前,时间副词在后。
(2)频率副词通常放在行为动词前,be动词、助动词、情态动词后。
(3)及物动词和副词(如:down,on,off,in,out,up,away等)组成的动词词组,其宾语是名词,该名词可放在副词之前或之后,如是代词,该代词一定要放在副词前。
He cut down the tree. / He cut the tree down. / He cut it down.(4)修饰名词的副词放在被修饰词之后,如:The man there is my father.考点再现( ) 3. My cousin wants to keep slim. She does exercise every morning and eat meat.A. seldomB. alwaysC. usuallyD. often( ) 4. Alice explains things very well, what she says can be understood very .A. quietlyB. carefullyC. slowlyD. clearly考点三:形容词和副词的原级1. 表示“A与B一样”的句型结构是“A+ v. +as + 形容词或副词原级+ as + B”.He is as tall as his father.He did as well as me.2. 表示“A不如B”的句型结构是“A+ v. (否定)+as/so + 形容词或副词原级+ as + B”.I am not so/as careful as Tom. 我不如汤姆细。
She doesn’t sing so/as beautifully as Lucy. 她唱的不如Lucy好。
3. 只能修饰原级的词有:very,quite,so,too等。
The park is quite beautiful.考点再现( ) 5. Li Hua’s shoes are as as Zhang Hui’s.A. cheapB. cheaperC. the cheaperD. the cheapest考点四:形容词和副词的比较级1. 形容词副词比较级和最高级的构成:(1)单音节和大部分双音节的单词通常在词尾加-er或-est.(2)以不发音的e结尾的单音节词和少数以-le结尾的双音节词,直接加-r或-st.(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的单音节和大部分双音节单词,变y为i加-er或-est.(4)重读闭音节以辅音字母结尾的单音节和大部分双音节词,双写辅音字母加-er或-est. (5)多音节和部分双音节的词,在词前加more或most构成比较级和最高级。
(6)此外还有些词为不规则变化。
good / well - better-bestbad / ill/ badly - worse - worstmany / much- more - most little - less - leastold - older / elder - oldest / eldestfar -farther / further-farthest / furthest2. 形容词副词比较级用法:(1)用于两者之间的比较,表示“A比B更…”、“A是B的几倍”,常用句型结构:“A+ v. +(倍数)+ 形容词或副词的比较级+ than + B”。
在进行比较时,一定要注意比较对象要对等。
His hair is longer than his father’s.= He has longer hair than his father.The weather in Beijing is hotter than that in Zhanjiang.(2)表示“A最……”、“A比同一范围内的人或物都要……”时,常用句型结构:“A+ v. + 形容词或副词的比较级+ than any other+单数名词+表范围的介词短语”。
注意:此句型结构可以和最高级转换。
China is bigger than any country in Africa.中国比非洲的任何一个国家都大。
China is bigger than any other country in Asia. (any 指“任何一个”other是排除本身)= China is bigger than (any of)the other countries in Asia.= China is the biggest country in Asia.(3)在形容词副词比较级前还可用much,even,still,a little等词来修饰,表程度。
表示“…的多”“甚至…“更…”“…一些”。
This city is much more beautiful than before.She’s a little more outgoing than me.(4)表示“越来越…”用句型结构“比较级+and+比较级”。
注:多音节比较级用“more and more+形容词原级”形式。
It’s getting worse and worse.The group became more and more popular.(5)问“A和B哪一个较…”时用句型“Which / Who is + 比较级…,A or B?”.Which T-shirt is nicer,this one or that one?Which one is more popular among students,going to concerts or going to movies?(6)表示“越……越……”用句型结构“the+ 比较级,the+比较级”。
The more vegetables you eat,the healthier you will be.The harder you work,the more money you will make.(7)“否定词+ 比较级”可以表达最高级的含义。
—What do you think of her dancing?—Oh,nobody else does better.(8)表示“两者中较…那一个”的用句型结构“the +比较级+ of the two”.He is the taller of the two. 他是两个之中较高的那一个。