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汉语常见句型英译处理0520

Subject + predicate (NP + VP)
Modifiers
汉语常见句型
1.无主语句(叙事句或说理句;主语省略;惯用法)
翻译要点:在句中寻找主语或者根据上下文添加主语
(1)认识落后,才能去改变落后;学习先进,才能赶超先进。

Awareness of one’s backwardness is the only access to changing it. Learning from
the advanced is the only approach to surpassing them.
We cannot get rid of our backwardness unless we realize it. We cannot surpass the
advanced unless we learn from them.
(2)层层的叶子中间,零星地点缀着白花,有袅娜地开着的,有羞涩地打着朵儿的;
正如一粒粒的明珠,又如碧天里的星星。

The many layers of the leaves were dotted with white flowers. Some were
blooming gracefully; others were in shy bud. They were like bright pearls or stars in
an azure sky.
(3)没有不透风的墙。

Walls have ears.
(4)眼不见,心不烦。

(不好的事情)
Out of sight, out of mind. (希望记住的事情会被忘记)
2.流水句(吕叔湘) 无关联词的复句,语义关联非常松散,句子与句子很难补上关联词。

翻译要点:翻译成多个以主谓结构为主干的简单句或并列句
(1)不一会儿,北风小了。

路上的浮尘早已刮净,剩下一条洁白的大道来,车夫也跑得
更快了。

(叙事,loose sentence)
The wind dropped a little bit. The road was clean with all the dusts blown away. The rickshaw man quickened his pace.
(2)在晋代,佛道二教盛行一时,皆讲超脱现世,晋人受其影响,就有一派人去修仙,
想飞升,喜服药。

又有一派人欲求游醉乡,不问世事,所以好饮酒。

Buddhism and Taoism, both advocating escapist ideas, prevailed in Jin Dynasty. Under their influence, some people took drugs in order to become immortal. Others preferred heavy drink to be intoxicated away from all the secular troubles.
3.连动句和兼语句
连动句:一个主语统辖两个以上的谓语
兼语式:谓语的两个动词不共用一个主语
翻译要点:选准一个谓语动词结构,其它动词处理为非谓语动词
(1)船摇晃颠簸,一会儿翘起尾,一会儿昂起头,辗转滚动,呼号呻吟。

The groaning ship tossed and turned, pitched and rolled. It sometimes stood on its
head and sometimes sat on its tail.
(2)我们会随时让你了解情况。

We will keep you informed.
(3)他们谴责他的和平努力是背叛。

They condemned his peace efforts as betrayal.
(4)我们迫切需要钱购买我们需要的机器.
We wanted money urgently to buy the machine that we needed.
4.主题句和意合句
主题句(张今):前一部分句子叙事或说理,后一部分句子进行总结或评论(翻译要
点:往往会翻成it做形式主语的句子,或者先翻后半部分作为主句,把前半部分作为从句处理)
(1)下次会要讨论什么,你先给我们吹吹风吧。

Can you give us some idea about what will be discussed at the next meeting?
(2)过去向我们学习的人,现在反而赶超了我们,这对我们是一个鞭策。

It is really challenging that those who used to learn from us now outperformed us.
意合句:各类分句之间虽然没有连词,但是有明显的逻辑语义关系,翻译时需要加连词
(1)修身、齐家、治国、平天下。

Improve one’s morality, run the family in unison, manage the state in order so as to peace the world.
(2)最近二三十年来,科学技术日新月异,专业化分工更细,协作的规模更大。

The constant advancement of science and technology in the last 2 and 3 decades leads to/ results in finer labor division and larger-scaled cooperation.
Homework:
1. 该厂能生产大衣、西装、时装、衬衣、毛衣等不同类型服装用的上千个花色品种的钮扣,产品规格齐全、品种繁多、造型新颖。

2. 武汉还在吸引外资企业进行老企业改造、房地产开发等方面制定了一系列优惠政策。

3. 核桃不过像两个指头那么大,竟刻出了那么多的人和物,堪称巧夺人工。

4. 他心里乱糟糟的,又退回门里,用手抓挠着那乱蓬蓬的头发,眉头拧成大疙瘩,在屋里走来走去。

5. 他在下班回家的路上遇到了骤雨,胳膊下挟着一个公文包,开始向前跑,想去搭乘公共汽车,那辆汽车在他前头约有10米远,正在慢速开行。

6. 环境好,图书设置充足,有良师益友指导启发,当然有很大的帮助,但是具备了这些条件,也不一定能保证一个人在学问上就有成就。

7. 为了加强这两者之间的联系,世界银行大力支持营建再生林、控制污染、土地管理等项目;投资于供水、公共卫生和农业技术推广,帮助解决危害穷人的环境问题;推行全国性的环境行动计划和保护自然资源的经济政策;与世界银行的伙伴一道,通过建立和利用全球环境保护基金,解决臭氧层损耗和生物物种等国际环境问题。

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