5．Survey，study and statisticsSurvey1 Sixty-two percent of Americans say they would use high-speed rail if it was available, a survey released Thursday by the American Public Transportation Association suggested. The numbers come as U.S. Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood formally announced $2.5 billion in grants from the Federal Railroad Administration for high-speed rail projects across the country, including $800 million for a long-sought line from Tampa to Orlando.2 From the survey, HOUSTON — Texas has refused to meet new federal greenhouse gas emission rules that go into effect in January, the latest anti-Washington move in an ongoing battle that could halt new construction in Texas.3 According to the latest Reports telephone survey, Brewer shows 53 percent support to Goddard's 39 percent. Seven percent of likely voters in Arizona like some other candidate and one percent was still undecided.4 As the article details, those participating in the survey had some definite views on what's holding back wider adoption of cloud computing solutions and they also shared their own priorities related to their use and adoption of cloud-based solutions.5 Retailers are the most optimistic in six years about the holidays. The survey found that 83% of consumers polled plan to spend the same or less on gifts compared with last year. The online survey of 526 U.S. consumers last month had a margin of error of 3% either way.6 Drivers are being urged to slow down on an annual road survey admitted exceeding the speed. The poll also investigates attitudes to speeding — with almost half of motorists admitting they would break the speed limit on a motorway7．The jobless rate will drop only to 9 percent by the end of 2011 —more than two years after the recession ended, according to an Associated Press survey of leading economists. The rate is 9.6 percent now. The economy will end this year on weaker footing than it started. The economy is expected to grow at a 2.4 percent annual rate in the current October-December quarter, compared with a 3.7 percent pace in the firstquarter of the year.8. According to a survey released by the National Statistics Institute, a total of 4.57 million people were unemployed between July and September and the jobless rate was 19.79 percent.Study1．A new study shows that the most religious Americans are also the ones who are the most likely to have the highest levels of wellbeing.2 A new study has shed light on an ancient world with surprisingly modern concerns: including hoped-for medical cures, religious confusion and the need for financial safeguards.3 Immigrants have gained more than 600,000 jobs since the official end of the Great Recession in June 2009, according to a newly released study4 He is believed to be the lead researcher of a study which studied the association between green tea and risk of breast cancer. While it has been seen that various studies have suggested an association between green tea and breast cancer saying that green tea might5 The study is being funded by Human Resources and Skills Development Canada. There were four ways that data was delivered: in a group learning session, viaone-on-one interview, through a tailored web site and self-service. The researchers will follow up with participants after a month, four months and then a year to see how the information helped.6 Soft drinks boost pancreatic cancer risk. A study reported in the October 28, 2010 issue of the journal Nature suggests that it takes about 20 years to develop into something that eventually kills a person.Statistics1 High levels of violent crime in the community will be the subject of a publicmeeting focused on solutions. The statistics in the study, entitled "North Minneapolis Community Violence Report" are from 2006 and show a disproportionately high number of murders and robberies in which blacks were victims and perpetrators.2 Here's an interesting statistic: at the University of California, a journalism project called the California News Service performed an analysis of the past 10 U.S.3 Here's an interesting statistic: at the University of California, a journalism project called the California News Service performed an analysis of the past 10 U.S. Congressional elections in California and determined that incumbents have won 97% of their races.4 It is encouraging to see further reduction in the number of people being killed and seriously injured at work. We now need to ensure that the improvements which are being made continue. Every statistic represents an individual or a family which is now suffering as a result of health and safety failings at work.5 Asian equity markets suffered their second consecutive declining week in general as key national markets struggled with resistance and support levels. The statistic only confirms the very mixed nature of the week's sessions.Quotation1．We should do more thing for others. As Lei Feng said that “Human life is limited, however, serving the people is unlimited, and I want a limited life into the infinite of serving the people go.”2. Golgi has said that “The more difficult life situations, the more I feel stronger, even more intelligent.” So when we meet the difficulties’. We’d better have this concept.调查研究survey & statisticsIn a recent interview, Steven A. Ballmer, Microsoft’s chief executive, discussed the company’s plans to advance the gesture technology well beyond video games. “I’m excited to be way out in front and want to push the pedal on that,” Mr. Ballmer said.But a study released on Tuesday highlights another subject that’s much less discussed: let’s call it the private sc hool civility gap, particularly at religious private schools and particularly among boys.开头：It’s no longer just the weighty obsession of parents with few options scrambling to get a child into a better school. It has also become the “it” topic of the cocktail crowd, including many parents with children who have never seen the inside of a public school. “Waiting for Superman” is the new “An Inconvenient Truth.”This new discussion centers on the achievement gap in public schools. It’s an intractable issue and needs as much attention as it’s getting.Like most things, progress is neither all good nor all bad. Progress has brought great advancements in standards of living, but it has also caused great damage to the Earth and its people in the form of environmental damage and more effective weaponry.Advertising, like it or not, is everywhere. It is on buses, billboards and hot-air balloons. It invades our living rooms, our classrooms and almost every aspect of human life.General examples:Private schools by their very nature discriminate (supporting idea). Their students are literally the chosen ones — special, better. This sort of thinking has a way of weaving itself into the fibers of a family and into the thinking of the children, particularly young boys in a male culture where even the slightest deviations from the narrowest concepts of normality are heretical (一般性的例子).Sadly, in America, it did not work out like that. First, the fuel was not petrol (supporting idea). Instead, it was ethanol, which stores less energy per litre, tends to absorb water and is corrosive; people will use it only if it is cheap or if you force themto through mandatory blending. In Brazil, which turned to biofuels after the 1970s oil shocks, the price of ethanol eventually became low enough for the fuel to find a market, thanks to highly productive sugar plantations and distilleries powered by the pulp left when that sugar was extracted from its cane. As a result Brazil is now a biofuels superpower. North American ethanol is mostly made from corn (maize), which is less efficient, and often produced in distilleries powered by coal; it is thus neither as cheap nor as environmentally benign. But American agribusiness, which knows a good thing when it sees one, used its political clout to arrange subsidies and tariffs that made corn-ethanol profitable and that kept out the alternative from Brazil.Students are exposed to many new opportunities when they start university. General example: College is about much more than academics - clubs, sports teams, employment, etc. are all extremely important to students' lives. It is up to each individual to decide how to manage their time and how to prioritize the different elements of their busy lives.Narrative examples: Certainly, when I was a university student not so long ago, I did not attend all of my classes all the time. This does not make you a bad or lazy person! Once in a while(时不时，偶尔), everyone gets sick, or wants to attend an event that conflicts with your class schedule, or you decide it's worth it to miss class so that you can finish an assignment on time. Learning how to juggle(有效组织、利用) all these things is part of the process of becoming an independent adult. For courses that are more self-directed, it may be completely acceptable to read materials at your own pace rather than attend the class. General example: Students that live off-campus in particular may find that it is not worth it to spend time traveling to a class for which the notes and slides are all posted on the Internet. On a daily basis, students must weigh the opportunity cost (a concept that I learned in university!) of attending a class against all the other possible activities they could be doing and decide for themselves what is most important.Some courses are able to address (处理) the issue of absenteeism by dividing up course hours between lectures in plenary and smaller group seminars. General example: While studying at university, many of my classes had several hours of lectures (with almost no student interaction) and one hour of small-group tutorial each week. No one would notice or care if I did not go to the lectures, but attendance made up a part of the grade that I received for the tutorial component of the course. Most people would miss one or two tutorials a term and were able to maintain strong participation marks. For others, they chose not to attend tutorials on a regular basis and as a result, their participation marks were lower. This teaches people that there are consequences for their actions and that they alone are responsible for their successes and failures.There are many reasons that a student may not be able to attend lectures. Some of the reasons I have missed lectures include; having a test for another course thatclashed(冲突) (tests and exams always come first), to attend a seminar or conference, because my car broke down and to be medically experimented on (Sometimes a student really needs the cash). There are people out there who will miss lectures for lesser(较轻的) reasons including; hangovers(宿醉), sleeping in, not liking early lectures, etc. I believe that it is these peoples (as well as my own) responsibility to catch up on any missed work.Admittedly, advertising may be a cause of unhealthy eating habits, for the advertisements of junk foods are often designed quite tempting in order to attract buyers. For example, the commercial of KFC is typically a combination of melodious music, fancy pictures and a slogan of “ We do chicken right”, luring people to purchase the unhealthy food. However, it is an overstatement to assert that advertising is the only reason since the two following reasons exist.Heavy workload keeps people from having their meals regularly, which is considered as one of unhealthy eating habits. Nowadays, people have to work really hard tosurvive in the highly competitive society, so they barely have time to sit at the table and have dinners. Take a businessman for example. He may keep working for over 8 hours a day to get all his work done and have no time for lunch. Consequently, he only has one meal a day. It is definitely an unhealthy eating habit, which result from too much business and a long working time.Modern industry brings us many conveniences. But at the same time, some problems emerge. For example, “the green-house effect” is a very serious problem that scientists try to solve. It increase the earth’s temperature, causes icebergs to melt and the ocean level to become higher and higher. Maybe someday the oceans will swallow some big cities nearby them.However, we shall not forget that one the other hand, major scientific inventions and technical advancement sometimes also form big threats to human society. General example: The two World Wars happened during the past century witnessed the blood shedding battles that cost millions of lives. Weapons made with modern technology have brought about such large causalities and devastations that could never been done by people in the previous time. Environmental problems have attracted more and more attention of the people around the world. With the development of modern industry and farming, global environment has kept deteriorating. Survey and statistics: Scientific researches indicate that the green house effect has contributed to the warming of the earth.We live in a much worse surrounding than our ancestors: polluted air and water, extreme high temperatures in summer, etc. which are all harmful to our heath. The world now is undergoing a globalization process that has caused divided opinions among different people. I think we should be highly aware of some of the problems it may cause. For instance, globalization would eliminate the difference between different people. The languages and unique customs of some ethnic nations are on the verge of extinction.Neglecting one's studies takes a variety of forms - perhaps too many to list. Some examples of neglect include procrastination, skipping class, failing to complete assignments, not reading assigned material, and just "not putting 100% into your work." University admissions seek to ensure quality students. This means that many of the students at a university will be academically skilled, and some of these students may do well without much effort.Narrative examples:I have a girl and two boys who among them have attended two great public schools and two great private schools. As any parent who’s been on both sides of the fence can tell you, the concept of community and how to exist in it vary wildly between these two groups, and one of the biggest issues I’ve noticed is the way these students deal differently with issues of tolerance.Not so long ago finding a TV programme was easy (supporting idea). You opened a newspaper, looked at what the three or four broadcasters were showing that evening, and made sure you got home in time.In addition, students may spend time gaining experience since they are still at school. The competition in the job market is getting fiercer and fiercer. If students have only academic knowledge got from classes, they will definitely fail in the race forwell-paid employments. On the contrary, with practical experience collected from part-time jobs and other work, students could get the upper hand(优势) in seeking good jobs. Narrative example: I still remember a girl of my brother's university class who attended classes regularly, reading all the textbooks carefully. After graduating, she barely managed to find a modest job. Conversely, my brother, with practical skills and experience from his part-time jobs, easily gained a good position in a bank.Many university and college classes involve practical work, which should not be optional. Practical works such as field trips, labs and experiments need to be attended. These are classes that once you miss them, it would be difficult to resolve them by reading notes and asking questions afterwards. It does not matter if you just miss lectures and tutorials once a while, but if you miss more lectures, this will definitely negatively reflect on your learning. For example, I studied strategic management when I was a sophomore, and one of our task was to create a business in groups. My friend Lily had a trip with her boyfriend at that time, so she did not attend this virtual company operation. After she came back from traveling, it was final exam. Though she tried to read the books and notes, but her absenteeism and lack of practical knowledge still led to her failure in the final exam.Quotation:They are struggling under the load (supporting idea). Many programme guides are becoming hard to navigate as menus and sub-menus spring up (explaination). Searching for shows often means ploughing through ever-growing alphabetical lists or clicking around a grid of (一连串) letters. All of which takes time and detracts from what is supposed to be a lazy experience. “After eight hours at work, you want to watch your favourite programme, not play with your set-top box,”says Elad Manishviz of NDS, a programme-guide maker. And television is about to become a lot more complicated.Hypothetical example:One of the reasons for that is the self-study ability of university students. The purpose of higher education is making students qualified enough to receive qualifications. If a student can self-study to pass all the required exams, he is qualified. With all the materials available on the Internet and library, a student can do so actually. Therefore, he doesn't necessarily attend classes. In higher education, people should focus on the result rather than the process. Thus, the importance is not how they do everyday at classes but how they perform in the exams. In short, attending classes regularlyshouldn't be compulsory for students.The first benefit of spending time with your friends is that it can positively affect your state of mind. If you work hard on the 9 to 5 grind and rarely have any time to yourself then it is a common occurrence to have your mind filled with stress and worry and with nobody to talk to, those negative aspects will continue to remain. Spending time with your friends however not only gives you someone to talk to and share your problems with, but it also creates a scenario in which your mind can be taken away from the stressful and worrying aspects of life which allows you to enjoy the moment and cherish the time you spend with your friends and subsequently create memories as a result.Advertisements are bad when they encourage us to spend unnecessarily. For example, we may already own a car. Then we see an advertisement of a newer model of the car telling us about its improved features. So, although our car may still be in good condition, we decide to trade it in for the newer model. This is sheer waste of money. Another example may be that we have a perfectly good watch but because we see an advertisement of a more attractive watch, we throw away the old watch and buy the new one although it is not necessary at all.What does neglecting your studies get you? Well, procrastination makes it easier to finish tasks "at the last minute." The reason it's easier is the deadline creates stress. Some stress motivates you, but for most people, stress isn't something they need more of in life. When an assignment is due in three weeks, you can spend two weeks feeling guilty over not working on it. Alternatively, you can complete the assignment early (likely get a better grade), be less stressed, and more thoroughly enjoy yourself. It's been shown that people enjoy things less when they feel they should be doing something else.Furthermore, accomplishments mean more when you put more of yourself into something. If you can get 90% in a class without trying, you will probably feel goodabout yourself. And that's not a bad thing.Contrast example:In addition, students may spend time gaining experience since they are still at school. The competition in the job market is getting fiercer and fiercer. Hypothetical example: If students have only academic knowledge got from classes, they will definitely fail in the race for well-paid employments. On the contrary, with practical experience collected from part-time jobs and other work, students could get the upper hand(优势) in seeking good jobs.Cause and effect:The only way kids will learn to manage their money is through their own experience and the guidance you, as parents, may give them. In other words, kids learn from trial and error and role models just like the rest of us. And if they can't learn as children, the price of adult mistakes can be great in terms of money and relationships.1. Structure (topic sentence; development; transition)1.Gold, a precious metal, is prized for two important characteristics. First of all, gold has a lustrous beauty that is resistant to corrosion. Therefore, it is suitable for jewelry, coins, and ornamental purposes. Gold never needs to be polished and will remain beautiful forever. For example, a Macedonian coin remains as untarnished today as the day it was minted twenty-three centuries ago. Another important characteristic of gold is its usefulness to industry and science. For many years, it has been used in hundreds of industrial applications. The most recent use of gold is in astronauts’ suits. Astronauts wear gold-plated heat shields for protection outside the spaceship. In conclusion, gold is treasured not only for its beauty but also for its utility.2. There are three reasons why Canada is one of the best countries in the world. First, Canada has an excellent health care system. All Canadians have access to medical services at a reasonable price. Second, Canada has a high standard of education. Students are taught by well-trained teachers and are encouraged to continue studyingat university. Finally, Canada's cities are clean and efficiently managed. Canadian cities have many parks and lots of space for people to live. As a result, Canada is a desirable place to live.3. The HIV/AIDS epidemic is still growing explosively in most parts of the world. In Central and Eastern Europe. HIV is spreading rapidly in countries that had almost no cases a few years ago. In China, there were an estimated 10,000 HIV-infected persons at the end of 1993, and this total grew ten-fold, to 100,00, by the end of 1995. In the countries of sub-Saharan Africa, the HIV/AIDS epidemic rages on. In Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe, 10 percent of the woman visiting postnatal clinics in urban areas are infected with HIV, and in some areas, the rate is 40 percent. Around the world, HIV infection rates are sky-rocketing among sex workers. In Nairobi, Kenya, 80 percent of sex workers are infected, and in Vietnam, the rate of infection climbed from 9 percent to 38 percent between 1992 and 1995. These statistic illustrate with frightening clarity that HIV/AIDS is still a major health problem in most areas of the world4. Classes that are dominated by teachers' lectures may benefits students in several ways. First of all, lectures can communicate the intrinsic interest of the subject matter. The speaker can convey personal enthusiasm in a way that no book or other media can. Enthusiasm stimulates interest, and it is an undeniable fact that interested, stimulated people tend to learn more. Moreover, lectures in university settings can provide students with role models of scholars in action. The professor's way of approaching knowledge can be demonstrated for students to emulate. Furthermore, lectures can organize material in a special way. They may provide a faster, simpler method of presenting information to an audience with its own special needs. Lectures are particularly useful for students who read poorly or who are unable to organize print material.5. Employees get job satisfaction in a number of ways. Firstly, a person needs to feel that they are doing valued and valuable work, so positive feedback from superiors is very important in his respect. A sense of fulfillment is also encouraged if a worker feels the job is worth doing because it contributes to the society or the economy as awhole. Secondly, when someone feels they are improving or developing their skills through training opportunities, for example, then there is a sense of progress and purpose that rewards a worker. The sense of belonging to a team or a working community also contributes to job satisfaction because colleagues help each other to enjoy their working lives. Satisfaction is also increased by a sense of responsibility for and the loyal to a team.6. Living in a big city has several benefits. First, there’re more job opportunities readily available in big cities than in a small town. Furthermore, not merely there are more job positions in big cities, the qualities of the position are much higher as well. In addition, the pay is more decent. Second, children are supposed to be able to receive an education with a higher quality compared with their counterparts who live in a small town. For families, children’s education is always put in the first place. Finally, living in a big city has a superior overall living standard to that in a small town. There are more commodities and services in city markets; there are more public utilities available in big cities; there are even much more television channels in big cities.7.Food conditions are better than before and are still being developed with a rapid pace. First of all, foods are more hygienic. People today drink untainted mineral water, sterilized skim milk, which are cheaply supplied in supermarkets. Furthermore, foods are more nutrient. Not to mention various carefully designed nutrient products. People can just ignore the possibility of being dystrophic, since they can keep nutrient balance by simply taking a cheap pill of vitamin compound every day.8. If I could go back to a certain time and place in the past, I would choose to go to ancient Egypt, to the time when they were building the great pyramids. This time period and place is greatly interesting to me for the following reasons: first, how were the great pyramids built? Second, Egypt is one of the few places in the world that has as rich a culture as China's. How did ancient lifein Egypt compare to the existence of the ancient Chinese person? Finally, I find this time and place interesting because I am curious about themyths and legends that ancient Egyptians believed in.9. Given the choice to live in one type of climate or the other, I would choose to live in a region where the weather is constantly changing throughout the year. The reasons for this are varied. First, I enjoy the different seasons. Second, I take pleasure in many different sports, some of which require warm weather, and others require the cold. Finally, I enjoy living in a region with constantly changing weather because I think that change is good for one's health.10. Classes that are dominated by teachers' lectures may benefits students in several ways. First of all, lectures can communicate the intrinsic interest of the subject matter. The speaker can convey personal enthusiasm in a way that no book or other media can. Enthusiasm stimulates interest, and it is an undeniable fact that interested, stimulated people tend to learn more. Moreover, lectures in university settings can provide students with role models of scholars in action. The professor's way of approaching knowledge can be demonstrated for students to emulate. Furthermore, lectures can organize material in a special way. They may provide a faster, simpler method of presenting information to an audience with its own special needs. Lectures are particularly useful for students who read poorly or who are unable to organize print material.2. Cause and effect"I worry about the private automobile. It is a dirty, noisy, wasteful, and lonely means of travel. It pollutes the air, ruins the safety and sociability of the street, and exercises upon the individual a discipline which takes away far more freedom than it gives him. It causes an enormous amount of land to be unnecessarily abstracted from nature and from plant life and to become devoid of any natural function. It explodes cities, grievously impairs the whole institution of neighborliness, fragmentizes and destroys communities. It has already spelled the end of our cities as real cultural and social communities, and has made impossible the construction of any others in their place. Together with the airplane, it has crowded out other, more civilized and more convenient means of transport, leaving older people, infirm people, poor people and。