英文论文的结论部分写作要点（结论、致谢）1 如何写结论结论部分(Conclusion)是作者对有关研究课题进行的总体性讨论。
结论必须具有严密的科学性和客观性，它反映本研究课题的价值，同时对以后的研究具有指导意义。
1.1 结论部分的内容与结构布局一般来说，结论部分的具体内容及其组织框架如下。
(1) 概括说明本课题的研究内容、结果及其意义与价值。
(2) 比较具体地说明本研究证明了什么假设或理论，得出了什么结论，研究结果有何实用价值，有何创造性成果或见解，解决了什么实际问题，有何应用前景等。
(3) 与他人的相关研究进行比较。
(4) 本课题的局限性、不足之处，还有哪些尚待解决的问题。
(5)展望前景，或指出进一步研究的方向。
在上面五项内容中，第一、二项是必不可少的。
第三、四、五项内容可以根据需要而定。
例1.Overall, our study has revealed a variety of patterns at the community and population levels, none of which seem to indicate obvious decline in southeastern Ohio's oak-hickory (橡树与山核桃科树木) forests.2.Clearly, sporadic insect outbreaks, pathogens (病菌), and climatic events have caused excessive mortality of certain species in certain stands (树林).3. Some stands exhibited mortality as high as 40%.4. However, an average of 20% dead stems in a stand appears to be reasonable without inferring excessive mortality or decline.5. Likewise,certain species were in an obvious state of decline, but these generally had a clear pathogenic explanation. 6. Changes occurring due to insects and pathogens may be a natural and necessary phenomenon (Castello et al. 1995). 7.Evaluation of decline symptoms in smaller size classes might provide additional useful information to be used in understanding the oak regeneration problem.从例子可以看出，通过一项研究工作，可能会得出几条结论，这些结论的主次轻重可以从字里行间表现出来。
如通过使用…has the strongestrelationship…点出了最主要的结论，而运用…also…这个词，来表示递进关系，说明这句话陈述的内容是研究结论之二。
有时为了清楚醒目，可以将结论列成几条。
1.2 结论部分的语言运用技巧结论部分的语言除要严谨、连贯、精炼、确切以外，还要具有高度的概括性。
结论部分与其他各部分不同的是，现在时态(特别是一般现在时和现在完成时) 使用频率很高，这是因为结论部分总结研究者到前为止做了些什么工作，得出了什么结果，这些结果对现在来说有什么影响、意义和价值，能够应用于什么地方，解决什么问题等。
结论中的句子既可以用主动语态，也可以用被动语态，总体上说，两种语态的使用频率差别无几。
但有时结论部分侧重于研究内容、对象或结果，所以，往往将研究内容置于句首作主语，于是，谓语动词自然要使用被动语态。
用主动语态时，常常用this paper, this investigation, this study, this survey, the results, the analysis 或we, I 等作主语。
例a. This study clearly demonstrates that…b. This investigation discovers that…c. This study reveals that…d. We have described…e. We have shown…f. In this paper we have proposed/discussed…g. These results represent…例中的a，b，c，g四个句子中，分别用了demonstrate，discover，reveal，represent作谓语，表示作者对研究结果所持的态度明确、肯定。
表示作者不太肯定或慎重的态度，或者用以缓和语气的动词修饰技巧：技巧1：用情态动词最常用情态动词有will，can, may，及其过去式would，could，might等，表示“可能”之意。
这三个情态动词语气依次减弱。
同一情态动词的过去式比现在式语气弱。
例a. Evaluation of decline symptoms in smaller size classes might provide additional useful information to be used in understanding the oak regeneration problem.b. Changes occurring due to insects and pathogensmay be a natural and necessary phenomenon.技巧2：用某些形容词和副词不同的形容词和副词表达作者不同的态度和语气。
如certainly，of course，absolutely，definitely，clearly 等词用来加强语气，表示作者态度肯定；almost certain，probably，highly likely次之。
而likely，unlikely，possible，possibly，perhaps等词表示作者没有把握，语气比较弱。
例：Perhaps changes occurring due to insects and pathogens are a natural and necessary phenomenon. 技巧3：用seem，appear，tend等动词这三个动词用在另一动词之前，构成seem to + do／be／have，appear to do／be／have，tend to do／be／have的结构，表示陈述的现象、内容或观点还有进一步探讨的余地。
例a. However, an average of 20 % dead stems in a stand appears to be reasonable without inferring excessive mortality or decline.b. Science projects appear to be an important part of science education.下面的句子语气依次减弱：例 a. Science projects are an important part ofscience education.b. Science projects tend to be an important part of science education.c. Science projects appear to be an important part of science education.d. Science projects seem to be an important part of science education.e. It would appear that science projects are an important part of science education.技巧4：选用不同的动词在分析、综合、归纳、推理过程中，常常会使用show，prove, illustrate，reveal，suggest，indicate，support，clarify，verify等动词。
这些动词含义不同，所表示的语气或态度也不同。
在使用同义词或近义词时，要注意区分它们的含义。
例如，表达形成某现象的原因时，相近的动词有cause，lead to，contribute to，be the reason of，be the root of等。
选用不同动词都会对整个句子的意思产生影响。
试比较以下句子：例a．C1early，sporadic insect outbreaks，pathogens (病菌)，and climatic events have caused excessive mortality of certain species in certain stands．(表示直接原因，负全部责任)b．C1early，sporadic insect outbreaks，pathogens(病菌)，and climatic events have lead to excessive mortality of certain species in certain stands．(有一个变化过程，表示间接原因)a．C1early，sporadic insect outbreaks，pathogens(病菌)，and climatic events have contributed to excessive mortality of certain species in certain stands.(表示部分原因，一定还有别的原因)结论中常用的句型框架还有：例a. Further investig ations are under way to…b. Further refinement of the models is needed to…c. Experiments have been designed to…d. Analytical models have been developed using…e. It is found that…f. It is further concluded that…g. In this paper,… are reviewed/ investigated/ observed/ studied.h. The presented study is conducted by using…2 如何写致谢(Acknowledgements)例AcknowledgementsSupport for this program is provided by the Ohio State University Extension and the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center. Additional support has been provided by the US Department of Agriculture.例ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: This research was partially supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant MSS8912521 and by the Gray Research and Development Office.例I wish to thank Professors Sheldon Grebstein and John Hagopian for their valuable suggestions. I also thank Professor Sylvia Bowman for her comments on the manuscript. In addition, I owe an obligation to my friend Francis Hanks for his constant assistance in the course of the research.致谢中的常用英语句型(1)感谢赞助单位或个人a. Support for this program/project/study is provided by…b. Funding for this program is provided by…c. I thank…for giving financial Support for this study.d. Additional support is provided by…e. Research for this paper was partially supported by…f. This research was funded by…(2)感谢提供资料的单位或个人a. Data were supplied/provided by…b. Permission to quote from material protected by copyright has been granted by…c. I thank…for the permission to quote frommaterial protected by copyright.(3)感谢提出建议和帮助的个人a. I thank…for comments on the manuscript.b. In addition, I am grateful to…for their valuable suggestions, and to…for her patience and good counsel.c. For help in the technical assistance, I thank…d. We thank the following people for their helpful comments on drafts of this paper: …e. In addition, I wish to thank…for his valuable suggestions.f. For their encouragement, support, and research assistance, I would like to thank the following individuals who have contributed substantially to the completion of this study/paper/work.（4）感谢不知名的审稿人a. The anonymous reviewers have also contributed considerably to the publication of this paper.b. In addition, I would like to thank the anonymous reviewers who have helped to improve the paper. （5）感谢其他人a. I also owe an obligation to…b. Also I wish to thank…for their many courtesies.c. Thanks is also extended to…who…d. I wish to thank… for his…。