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英语时态结构-标志词总结

英语时态结构,标志词总结⑴、一般现在时结构:主+be(am/is/are)+其他/ 主+实义动词+其他/ 主+情态动词+动原+其他ﻫ标志词:often,always,usually, sometimes,everyweek(day/year/month…),once a week, on Sundays,on weekda ys,from timeto time⑵、一般将来时ﻫ结构:主+will/shall+其他/主+begoing to +其他/主+be+动-ing+其他…标志词:tomorrow,in the future, nextweek, next Sunday,the day after tomorrow,in+ 一段时间,soon,from now onﻫ⑶、一般过去时结构:主+be(was/were)+其他/ 主+动词过去式+其他/标志词:一段时间+ago,yesterday,in 1945,at that time,once,duringthe war,before,in the past ,the day before yesterday, last week(year/night/ month…), just now,at the ageof5,one day,long longago,once uponatime,this mo rning,a moment ago⑷、现在完成时ﻫ结构:主+have/has+动词过去分词+其他标志词:ever, never, since,already, yet,just, before,twice, once,three times, at the moment, atpresent/for+时间段;since+时间点/常见的副词:lately,recently,upto now,till now,so far,these days,in the past fewyears(months/weeks/days)ﻫ⑸、现在进行时ﻫ结构:主+be(am/is/are)+动词现在分词+其他ﻫ标志词:now,at themoment !at this time ,these days,Look!Listen!⑹、过去进行时结构:主+be(was/ were)+动词现在分词+其他ﻫ标志词:atthat moment, at this time of yesterday,ateight lastnight,at8:00am ye sterday,at this timelast night ,atthattime ﻫ⑺、过去完成时结构:主+had+动词过去分词+其他标志词:by the end of last year(term, month…),过去完成时常用在told,said,knew,heard等词后的宾语从句或间接引语中,这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。

ﻫ⑻、过去将来时ﻫ结构:主+would/shou ld+其他/主+was/were going to +其他ﻫ标志词:the next day/morni ng/year,thefollowingyear/week/monthﻫ英语部分语法顺口溜⑴、名词:记住f(e)结尾的名词复数:(把f(e)变成v在加es)ﻫ妻子(wife)持刀(knife)去宰狼(wolf),小偷(thief)吓得发了慌;ﻫ躲在架(shelf)后保己(self)命(life),半(half)片树叶(leaf)遮目光。

“某国人”的单复数:ﻫ中日不变(Chinese、Japanese )ﻫ英法变(Englishman/Britishman→Englishmen/Britishmen、Frenchman→Frenchmen)ﻫ其余s加后面(Australians、Germans、Russians、Americans、Indians、Italians、Koreans、Canadians)巧计名词单复数同形的:ﻫ中国人和日本人喜欢绵羊、鹿和鱼ﻫChinese 、Japane se、sheep、deer、fishﻫ巧记以-o结尾加-es的词:ﻫA.“两人两菜”(hero,negro,potato, tomato)ﻫB.一句话Negroesand heroesliketo eat potatoes and tomatoes.巧记不规则名词单变复:男女脚步牙鹅,老鼠加虱婆。

man-men; woman-women;foot-feet; tooth-teeth;goose-geese; mouse-mice;louse-lice.ﻫ⑵、动词:Be动词的用法:我用am,你用are,is跟着他她它,凡是复数都用areﻫ感官使役动词“八字言”:ﻫ一感feel,ﻫ二听hear, listento,ﻫ三让have,let,make,四看see,look at, observe,watchﻫ半帮助:helpﻫ(另外还有:notice,taste ,smell)ﻫ感官使役动词用法:ﻫ感使动词真奇怪,to在句中像妖怪;主动句里to走开,被动句里to回来ﻫ用“不定式”和“动名词”造成的意义上的差别归为五点:不定式动名词ﻫA).某一具体行动指一般的、经常的情况ﻫB).表示主语和宾语的动作可能表示任何人的动作C).主动被动ﻫD).未发生的事已发生的事E).短暂的或可能进行的事延续的或重复发生的事ﻫ接“不定式”作宾语的动词:(vt+todo)三个希望两答应:hope,wish,want,agree,promise两个要求莫拒绝:demand,ask,refuse设法学会做决定:manage,learn,decideﻫ不要假装在选择:petend,choose 要求跟“不定式”作宾补的动词:(vt+sb/sth +to do)ﻫ(1)劝教命请叫(advise,teach, order, command,ask,tell)(2)允许又警告( allow,permit, warn)ﻫ(3)使役表意向(cause,let,ha ve,make,lead, set, leave, get,wish, want, expect)ﻫ(4)知觉动词妙(feel, hear,watch, see,observe, notice)<省去to>ﻫ带双宾的动词:“七给”,“一带”to不少,(vt.+sth直宾+to+sb间宾; vt+sb+sth)(give给、pass递给、lend借给、write写给、show给…看、sen d寄给、hand交给)(bring带)ﻫ“买”“画”“制作”for来了。

(vt.+sth直宾+for +sb间宾)ﻫ(buy、draw、make)既跟动名词也跟不定式的动词:(vt+ doing /vt+to do)ﻫbegin,start, continue, forget,remember,regret, intend, like,love, hate, try, mean只能接“动名词”作宾语的动词:(vt+ doing)ﻫ值得、想象、莫回避,建议、坚持别放弃ﻫ不禁、完成、莫推迟,喜爱、练习不介意ﻫ错过、考虑、介词to,后接动词加-ing动词:mind,finish,enjoy,suggest,permit,appreciate,consider,m iss,dislike,keep(on),avoid,permit,imagine,risk,escape,ad mit,stand(忍受),allow,forbid,excuse短语:give up,putoff,look forward to,feel like,insist on,object to,prevent…from,setabout,can't help,be/get used to,be wo rthdoing,benogooddoing,benouse doing,be b usy doing ,pay attention to ﻫ加-ing要双写的常见动词:一m(swim)ﻫ两d和g(nod, rid)(dig, beg)ﻫ三n(run,win,begin)四p(dip,drop,mop,stop),ﻫ十t(sit, hit, fit, set,get, bet,put, regret, forget, pat)(下加线的词,构成过去式、过去分词时,也须双写尾字母)ﻫ只能接不定式做宾语如:(v+to do)help,hope,ask,refuse,decide,promise,wish,pretend,expect,arrange,learn,plan,demand,dare,manage,agree,prepare,fail,de termine,offer,choose,desire,elect,long,(happen,seem)ﻫ⑶、数词:ﻫ基变序,有规律,词尾加上th,一二三特殊记,结尾字母t/d/d,ﻫ八减t,九减e,f代ve,ﻫ几加几要注意,前为基数后为序ﻫ⑷、其他:对划线部分提问的程序:ﻫ一代(用疑问词代替划线部分),二移(把疑问词移至句首)三倒(颠倒主谓语,但对主语或其定语提问时除外)四抄(照抄其它部分)some time与some times:分开是“一段”,相连是“某时”ﻫ分开s是“倍次”,相连s是“有时”ﻫ巧计比较级不规则变化:ﻫ“坏”“病”两“多”和两“好”一是“远”来二是“老”“litter”是少不是小ﻫ⑸、a和an的用法:An hour ago,an honestman acceptedan honorable task.(一小时前,一位诚实的人接受了一项光荣的任务。

)In a university, a Europeanand aone-eyedmanwalkalong a one-way road with a usualtool. Thisis ausual thing.(在一所大学里,有一个欧洲人和一个独眼龙拿着有用的工具沿着一条单行道行走,这是件平常的事。

)ﻫ在26个英文字母中,a,e, i,o, f,h, l,m,n, r, s, x等12个字母的读音是以元音开头的,其余字母则是以辅音.宾语从句的主语:一随主,二随宾,三不变。

e.g.(1)Shesaid "Iwillgo home."改:She saidthatshe would gohome.(一随主)(2)Shesaid to me "You can go withme.".改She said tome that Icould go with her.(二不变)(3) She saidto me"He will go home."2.宾语从句中注改She saidtome that he would go home.(三不变)ﻫ意时态1.若主语为一般过去时,则宾语从句的时态要变为过去的某一时态。

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