摘要本设计为年产5万吨37.2%甲醛水溶液的生产工艺初步设计，本设计采用银催化法工艺，根据设计要求对工艺流程进行了选择与论证，对整个装置进行了物料与能量的衡算，对主要设备和管道进行了设计及选型，同时对本装置的安全生产与“三废”治理作了相关讨论并进行经济的初步核算。

本设计配有设计说明书一本，附图3张。

说明书包括1：绪论；2：合成方法及生产技术比较；3：工艺流程介绍；4：物料衡算；5：能量衡算；6：设备工艺计算；7：安全与“三废”处理；8：技术经济初步评估。

图纸包括：1带控制点的工艺管道及工艺流程图；2 装置平面图；3 装置立面图。

关键词：甲醛；甲醇；氧化；工艺；电解银ABSTRACTThe design is primary for the manufacturing process of formaldehyde 50000 tons per year,and adopts Ag as catalyst. According to the design,the craft production way of formaldehyde was selected and the technology was investiged.The main equipments and pipes were designed or selected.At the same time,safely producing and dealing with“three waste”were argued and technology economic was originally estimated.This design is equipped with a design specification, attached figure 3. Instruction includes 1: introduction; 2: the synthetic method and production technology; 3: the process flow is introduced; 4: material balance; 5: energy balance; 6: equipment process calculation; 7: security and "three wastes" treatment; 8: preliminary assessment technology economy. The diagram include:1.The pipeline of the device and process flow sheet with controlled piot.2.Plane figure of the device.3.The blueprints of factory.Key words:formaldehyde;Methanol;Oxidation;Technology;Electrolysis Silver目录第一章绪论 ...................................................................................................... - 5 -1.1我国甲醛工业的发展过程.......................................................................................................................... - 5 -1.1.1 起步阶段 .............................................................................................................................................. - 5 -1.1.2 发展阶段 .............................................................................................................................................. - 5 -1.1.3 快速增长阶段 ...................................................................................................................................... - 5 -1.2 我国甲醛工业的现状.................................................................................................................................. - 6 -1.2.1 生产工艺 .............................................................................................................................................. - 6 -1.2.2 生产能力和产量 .................................................................................................................................. - 6 -1.2.3 技术指标 .............................................................................................................................................. - 6 -1. 3 影响我国甲醛价格的主要因素................................................................................................................. - 7 -1.3.1 生产成本 .............................................................................................................................................. - 7 -1.3.2 下游需求状况 ...................................................................................................................................... - 7 -1.3.3 地区差异 .............................................................................................................................................. - 7 -1.4 产品说明 ..................................................................................................................................................... - 7 -1.4.1 产品名称 .............................................................................................................................................. - 7 -1.4.2 产品性质 .............................................................................................................................................. - 7 -1.5 产品用途 ................................................................................................................................................... - 10 -1.6 原材料说明................................................................................................................................................ - 10 -1.6.1物理性质 ............................................................................................................................................. - 10 -1.6.2 化学性质 ............................................................................................................................................ - 10 -1.7 甲醛工业的发展趋势................................................................................................................................ - 11 -1.7.1 改进催化剂的性能 ............................................................................................................................ - 11 -1.7.2 高浓度甲醛工艺发展趋势 ................................................................................................................ - 11 -1.7.3 设备集约化 ........................................................................................................................................ - 11 -1.7.4 规模大型化 ........................................................................................................................................ - 11 -1.7.5 产品简介 ............................................................................................................................................ - 12 -1.8 甲醛的主要技术指标................................................................................................................................ - 12 -第二章合成方法及生产技术比较........................................................................ - 13 -2.1 甲醛的合成方法........................................................................................................................................ - 13 -2.1.1 银催化剂法 ........................................................................................................................................ - 13 -2.1.2铁钼催化剂法 ..................................................................................................................................... - 13 -2.1.3甲缩醛氧化法 ..................................................................................................................................... - 13 -2.1.4二甲醚氧化法 ..................................................................................................................................... - 13 -2.1.5低碳烷烃直接氧化法： ..................................................................................................................... - 13 -2.2 生产工艺比较............................................................................................................................................ - 13 -2.2 .1 工艺技术比较 ................................................................................................................................... - 14 -2.2.2 银催化剂法和铁钼催化剂法的特点的比较：................................................................................. - 14 -2.3 国内外甲醛装置能耗比较........................................................................................................................ - 15 -第三章工艺流程介绍.......................................................................................... - 16 -3.1 流程说明 ................................................................................................................................................... - 16 -3.2 生产工艺影响因素.................................................................................................................................... - 17 -3.2.1 反应器的结构与状态 ........................................................................................................................ - 17 -3.2.2 催化剂的性能和状态 ........................................................................................................................ - 17 -3.2.3 反应温度 ............................................................................................................................................ - 18 -3.2.4 氧醇比 ................................................................................................................................................ - 18 -3.2.5 水醇比 ................................................................................................................................................ - 18 -3.2.6 停留时间和空间速度 ........................................................................................................................ - 18 -3.2.7反应压力 ............................................................................................................................................. - 19 -3.2.8 原料混合气的纯度将影响催化剂的活性与寿命............................................................................. - 19 -3.3 主要工艺指标............................................................................................................................................ - 19 -第四章物料衡算................................................................................................. - 22 -4.1 设计条件 ................................................................................................................................................... - 22 -4.2 物料流程简图............................................................................................................................................ - 22 -4.3 甲醛、甲醇物料衡算（均按每小时计）................................................................................................ - 22 -4.3.2产品产量用其组成（按每小时算） ................................................................................................. - 23 -4.3.3甲醇投入量 ......................................................................................................................................... - 24 -4.3.4空气消耗量 ......................................................................................................................................... - 24 -4.3.5吸收尾气排放量 ................................................................................................................................. - 24 -4.3.6数据校核 ............................................................................................................................................. - 24 -4.3.7各主要单元物料衡算进出料计算情况如下：.................................................................................. - 27 -4.3.8各主要单元设备的物料衡算表（按每小时计）.............................................................................. - 28 -第五章能量衡算................................................................................................. - 32 -5.1 甲醇蒸发器................................................................................................................................................ - 32 -5.1.1原料甲醇和空气带入的热量衡算见下表：...................................................................................... - 32 -5.1.2相变热。