餐饮产品由于地域特征、气侯环境、风俗习惯等因素的影响,会出现在原料、口味、烹调方法、饮食习惯上的不同程度的差异。
正是因为这些差异,餐饮产品具有了强烈的地域性。
中西文化之间的差异造就了中西饮食文化的差异,而这种差异来自中西方不同的思维方式和处世哲学。
中国人注重“天人合一”,西方人注重“以人为本”。
两种不同的饮食观念对比注重“味”的中国饮食,西方是一种理性饮食观念。
不论食物的色、香、味、形如何,而营养一定要得到保证,讲究一天要摄取多少热量、维生素、蛋白质等等。
即便口味千篇一律,也一定要吃下去——因为有营养。
西方人认为菜肴是充饥的,所以专吃大块肉、整块鸡等“硬菜”。
而中国的菜肴是“吃味”的,所以中国烹调在用料上也显出极大的随意性:许多西方人视为弃物的东西,在中国都是极好的原料,外国厨师无法处理的东西,一到中国厨师手里,就可以化腐朽为神奇在中国,任何一个宴席,不管是什么目的,都只会有一种形式,就是大家团团围坐,共享一席。
西式饮宴上,食品和酒尽管非常重要,但实际上那是作为陪衬。
宴会的核心在于交谊,通过与邻座客人之间的交谈,达到交谊的目的。
As we all know,different countries have defferent culture. “Culture is the collective progra mming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one category of people from ano ther.”It is inevitable that the cultural difference has impact on business.For example,when a company is having meeting,the word “table” they mention in American English means to put something on the agenda,but in British English it means to pu something off the a genda.This example indicated how the culture affects the business.There are four cultura l dimensions that were defined in Hofstede’s research :power distance,uncertainty avoida nce,individualism and masculinity.The most significant influence in cultural difference is t he power distance.“It would condition the extent to which employees accept that their bo ss has more power that have and the extent to which they accept that their boss’s opinio ns and decisions are right because he or she is the boss.”Among most oriental corporate cultures,there is hierachism reasons, great centralization西方人认为菜肴是充饥的,所以专吃大块肉、整块鸡等“硬菜”。
而中国的菜肴是“吃味”的,所以中国烹调在用料上也显出极大的随意性:许多西方人视为弃物的东西,在中国都是极好的原料,外国厨师无法处理的东西,一到中国厨师手里,就可以化腐朽为神奇。
足见中国饮食在用料方面的随意性之广博。
据西方的植物学者的调查,中国人吃的菜蔬有600多种,比西方多六倍。
实际上,在中国人的菜肴里,素菜是平常食品,荤菜只有在节假日或生活水平较高时,才进入平常的饮食结构,所以自古便有“菜食”之说,菜食在平常的饮食结构中占主导地位。
中国人的以植物为主菜,与佛教徒的鼓吹有着千缕万丝的联系。
他们视动物为“生灵”,而植物则“无灵”,所以,主张素食主义。
西方人在介绍自己国家的饮食特点时,觉得比中国更重视1. First of all, the making method of Chinese food is different from Western-style food.首先,中西餐的烹调方法不同。
In Western-style food cookbook, various ingredients such as the flour, sugar, butter etc. have been indicated several grams, several spoons or several cups, even the size of the egg will all be explained. I think it is like a testing laboratory. So, Making Western-style food is easy, so long as you cook according to cookbook manual.西餐的烹调书中写明了面粉需要几克,糖需要几汤匙,黄油需要几杯等等,甚至连用到的鸡蛋的大小也有说明。
烹调西餐就像在实验室里做实验一样。
所以只要参考着烹调书,西餐是很好做的。
But it is not the easy thing that you want to make fine Chinese food. Even if you have bought the cookbook, it is not so easy. Because the Chinese cookbook will not tell you several grams of ingredient, for example salt, Chinese cookbook just tell you appropriate amount of salt, don’t tell you several gram, several spoon or several cup. Why? The taste of people who live in different places is different in China. There is a folk adage in China “south sweet, north salty, east hot and west sour”. So, a good cook relies on experience and skill when cooks in China.但是要做出美味的中餐,即使你有参考书也不是一件容易的事。
因为烹饪书里不会告诉你原料的用量,比如盐,只会告诉你“适量”,而不会精确到克。
为什么呢?因为在中国,不同地域的人们口味不同。
俗话说:南甜,北咸,东辣,西酸。
所以,一个好厨师靠的是丰富的经验和技巧。
2. Second, the atmosphere of Chinese food is different fromWestern-style food while having a meal.其次,中西方的就餐氛围不同。
The atmosphere of Western-style food is particular about scenery. The good restaurant is generally built in the beautiful mountaintop, park or the revolving dining-room of the city center high building. So Western-style food is “Eat the scenery” but not “Eat taste”.在西方,人们看重就餐的环境。
一家好的餐馆最好建在风景如画的山顶、公园或者城市中心的高楼上。
所以西餐吃的不是味道,是环境。
The atmosphere of Chinese food is particular about taste and participation. Chinese food conquers the world with taste. There is a folk adage in China “If I want to conquer your heart, I will conque r your stomach first”. Everybody sits around table while eating Chinese food, everybody is eating the dish in the sameplate, the hospitable host will also nip the dish into your bowl, it is so friendly. The friendship between person and person is deeper after a meal.在中国,人们看重食物的味道与分享。
中餐以美味征服世界。
中国有句古话:欲征服人心,先征服人胃。
进餐时,大家一起围坐在餐桌旁,所有人共同分享一个盘子中的食物,主人还会热情的为你夹菜。
一顿饭后,人们之间的情谊会加深。
3. Third, the way that Chinese and occidental praise food is different.第三,中西方赞美食物的方式不同。
Chinese praise food, will generally say: “Your dish is cooked very excellently, has caught up with the level of the restaurant”; but occidental praise food, will say just like what the home make.中国人赞美食物会说:“你的菜做的真好,都赶上饭店的水平了!”西方人却会说:你的菜和家里做的一样好!。