厦门大学考博英语-6(总分90,考试时间90分钟)Part Ⅰ V ocabulary1. Because Jenkins neither______ nor defends either management or the striking workers, both sides admire his journalistic______A. criticizes...acumenB. attacks...neutralityC. confronts...aptitudeD. dismisses...flair2. The young man was deeply hurt because his proposal was rejected and, to a certain extent, ______ at by the group"s members.A. sneeredB. smiledC. simulatedD. stimulated3. The facts have proved that they all have the ______ of solving practical problems.A. capabilityB. abilityC. capacityD. power4. By the time you get to New York, I ______ for London.A. would be leavingB. am leavingC. have already leftD. shall have left5. Father does not like ______ meat.A. leanB. slimC. skinnyD. slender6. Everyday there are reports of______ that have **mitted against innocent people.A. behaviorsB. fixturesC. subordinatesD. atrocities7. Women once demanded men with social skills, but they"re now focusing on "his values, if he"s interested in family".A. impeditiveB. colossalC. blemishD. impeccable8. The stoic former general led his civilian life as he had his military life, with simplicity and ______ dignity.A. benevolentB. informalC. austereD. aggressive9. They are working ______ time to fulfill the task according to the schedule.A. againstB. overC. ahead ofD. before10. Since the author"s unflattering references to her friends were so ______, she was surprised that her ______ were recognized.A. laudatory...stylesB. obvious...anecdotesC. oblique...allusionsD. critical...eulogies11. Divorced from his wife just three months ago, he has made quite a ______ of himself by gallivanting about with his new girlfriend, a former supermodel.A. improvidenceB. revelationC. extravaganceD. spectacle12. The connoisseurs" opinions differed greatly as to the question whether the picture on show was a(n) ______ Picasso painting.A. explicitB. reliableC. stringentD. authentic13. No sooner had the man departed than the tree began dropping coffee beansA. by the thousandB. by thousandsC. in thousandD. of thousands14. The hall was supported by six thick ______ .A. torchesB. postsC. fringesD. pillars15. In that book, the______, songs, and riddles are presented in Chinese and English and handsomely illustrated by Ed Young.A. versusB. versesC. versaD. vice16. All flights ______ because of the storm, they decided to take the train.A. having canceledB. having been canceledC. were canceledD. have been canceled17. The fire was finally brought under control, but not ______ extensive damage had been caused.A. beforeB. sinceC. afterD. as18. The ship was ______ in a storm off Jamaica.A. drownedB. immergedC. wreckedD. submitted19. The government recently presented an ambitious plan to tackle the violence and ______that follow when too many people drink too much too quickly in too small an area.A. alienationB. delimitationC. barenessD. mayhem20. Many economists believed that ______ consumers would cut spending once the value of their homes began to fall.A. overstretchedB. oversaturatedC. overproducedD. overpopulatedPart Ⅱ Translation1 Silicon Valley is a magnet to which numerous talented engineers, scientists and entrepreneurs from overseas flock in search of fame, fast money and to participate in a technological revolution whose impact on mankind will surely surpass the epoch-making European Renaissance and Industrial Revolution of the bygone age.With the rapid spread of the Internet since the early "90s, and the relentless technological innovations generated through it, the information era is truly upon us, profoundly influencing and changing not only our lifestyle, but also the way we work, do business, think **municate with others.2 The unprecedented success of the Valley is a testimony to the concerted international endeavors and contributions by people from diverse cultural and racial backgrounds, made possible by the favorable political, economic and intellectual climate prevailing, as well as the farsighted policies of the US government.Many countries have, or are in the process of creating, their own "Silicon Valley". So far, none has yet threatened the preeminence of the US prototype. What makes Silicon Valley such a unique entity? There are several crucial factors.3 First and foremost, it has the largest concentration of **puter professional and the best supporting services in the world, and easy access to world-class research institutions, like Stanford University, which continually nurtures would-be geniuses which the industry needs in order to move forward.Without these advantages, the Valley would be a different place.Secondly, it actively encourages, or even exalts, risk-taking. Hence, failure holds no terror and there is no stigma attached to a failed effort. On the contrary, they will try even harder next time round. Such never-say-die approach is the sine qua non for the ultimate triumph in entrepreneurship and technological breakthrough.A third decisive factor is the vital role of venture capitalists who willingly support promising start-ups with urgently needed initial capital to get them started. Some would even give failed entrepreneurs a second chance if convinced that a fresh concept might lead to eventual success.4 Of equal importance, many bright young people and middle level professionals are keen to work for a new venture at substantially reduced remuneration, as it offers more scope for entrepreneurship and job satisfaction than the **panies.There is also a pride of achievement if their efforts contribute to its fruition.Intellectual challenges aside, it is a common practice for start-ups to offer generous share options to employees in order to attract the right talent into their folds. This is a powerful incentive to motivate the staff to do their utmost and to share in **pany"s prosperity if it reaches its goal. Many regard this as the foundation of a successful enterprise.Those that have become high flyers, such as Netscape, Intel, Cisco and Yahoo, have turned many of their employees, including support staff like secretaries, into dot. corn millionaires overnight, often at the relatively young age of 20s or 30s.The Valiey"s professionals are among the most hardworking people anywhere. A 15hour day and 7-day week is not uncommon, especially during the start-up stage. They would give up social life, and curtail their family life too, in order to pursue the pot of gold at the end of the rainbow. It is this single minded pursuit of excellence, supported by strong ethos of team work and esprit decorps, that sustain them until their mission is accomplished.Paper qualifications, though useful, is not a be all and end all. More weight is given to a candidate"s proven abilities and aptitude for the job. This is amply demonstrated by industry icons like Apple"s Jobs and Wozniak and Microsoft"s Gates, all college dropouts who might not have emerged in a qualification-**munity.While racial prejudice no doubt still exists in the United States, albeit in a less degrading form as before, it is hardly discernible in the Valley. What counts most is one"s vision and track record, and not one"s nationality, skin color or creed. 5 This, together with its multiracial society, informal lifestyle and agreeable climate, lures foreigners to its shores.However, with the collapse of the US Nasdaq share index earlier this year resulting in the plunge in prices of technology shares listed on it and elsewhere, the hitherto valuable share options held by numerous paper dot. com millionaires have become virtually worthless in these changed circumstances. Those who could not take the heat, as it were, left their employment feeling disillusioned.1.2.3.4.5.Part Ⅲ Reading ComprehensionPart AIt"s often hard to see your mistakes as you"re making them. When it comes to living arrangements, a humdinger is being made in this country right now and few have noticed it yet."Yikes!The kids are moving back in!" Thus goes the mantra of the baby boom generation, circa 2007. Analysts estimate that some 18 million adults between the ages of 20 and 34 live with their parents. That"s roughly a third of that age group.But letting the kids move back in is not the societal error we"re talking about. Instead, the big mistake is the loudly voiced chagrin of the boomers. Most mistakenly decry the notion of the boomerang generation. In order to fully appreciate the depth of the error being made here, we all need to step back a bit and look at the bigger picture. This epidemic of kids moving back home is first, not "unprecedented," and second, it"s not a bad thing. The precedent for this trend can be found among the other 6.2 billion non-Americans on the planet, many of whom happily live with their adult children, often in three-generation households.Then there"s the growing number of non-Anglo Americans, including many recent immigrants, who see no problem in having adult kids contribute to the household. Finally, the agrarian history of this country before World War II allowed kids to live and work around the farm weI1 into adulthood.Adult kids moving back home is merely the most noticeable symptom of a larger, fundamental transformation of American society. We are nationally beginning to recognize the costs of theindependence the so-called greatest generation foisted on us. We can"t blame them. They did have to grow up fast. Kids in their generation went off to World War II and grew up on the bloody beaches of distant lands.After the war, the survivors had factories to build and the wealth to buy their white-picket-fence dream out West. They designed a social and fiscal system that has served their retirement years very well. But their historically unique retirement system mistakenly celebrated independence and ignored the natural state of human beings--that is, interdependence.Moreover, their system breaks down with the onslaught of their kids" retirement. We can already see the pension systems, both private and public, beginning to disintegrate under the weight of the baby boomers.We are now just starting to understand the substantial fiscal and psychological costs of separating the generations into so-called single-family homes with the ideal of a mother, father and two kids. But times change and so do cultures.Regarding boomerang kids, most demographers focus on the immediate explanations for the changes, such as the growing immigrant population, housing shortages and high prices, and out-of-wedlock childbearing.Many psychologists have noted that baby-boomer parents enjoy closer relationships with their fewer children that allow extended cohabitation. A recent survey conducted for Del Webb (a division of Pulte Homes Inc.)reports that only about one-quarter of baby boomers are happier once the kids move out.However, all these explanations are simply symptoms of the larger, more fundamental reuniting of Americans into households that include extended families--adult, kids, grandparents, grandchildren and other relatives -- rather than just nuclear families.The rate at which our American culture is adapting will accelerate as baby boomers begin retiring in waves. Creative housing arrangements are necessitating and allowing three generations to live together again- under one roof or in close proximity. Now some 6 million American grandparents are living under one roof with their grandchildren.Whether grandparents live in accessory apartments on the property or houses next door, these flexible housing options provide privacy **panionship at the same time. Grandparents can interact with their grandchildren while the parents work, and all benefit from the new togetherness. These 21st century housing arrangements are a creative way to handle the financial needs of the generation that is retiring and, yes, the adult children who **ing home.Such multigenerational households don"t make sense for everyone. Personality conflicts or family characteristics preclude such arrangements for some. Legal constraints such as building and zoning codes are formidable obstacles in **munities across the country.Often more room is mandated for parking your car than parking your grandmother. Home builders have been more interested in selling houses that satisfy immediate needs rather than anticipating the needs of the growing numbers of aging Americans.The culture itself frequently gets in the way, reinforcing the perception of a stigma attaching to lack of independence- the adult child who just won"t move out (and grow up) or the aging grandparent who eschews "being a burden".Despite these problems, once you begin talking with your friends about three-generation households, you will begin hearing stories about how such obstacles are being **e. You also will begin hearing stories about the wonderful benefits of thinking about housing and familyarrangements in creative ways. And you"ll hear stories about the fundamental satisfaction of living together again.1. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The trend of kids moving back home has negative effect to American culture.B. The symptom of adult kids moving back home is extraordinary.C. Back to the nest is by no means the precedent.D. The family unit and individual independence are damaging in the society.2. Which of the statements is true according to the passage?A. The trend of adults move back home is since 2007.B. The epidemic of kids moving back home in USA is unparalleled in the world.C. The United States was an agriculture country before World War II.D. One-third of baby boomers are sorrowful once the kids move out.3. Which of the statements is NOT true about the greatest generation?A. They imposed the idea of independence on the successive offspring.B. They make **plaints about their children"s prolonged staying at home.C. Their social and finance scheme for their retirement disregard the interdependence.D. Their retirement system is collapsing with the overwhelming outpouring of their children"s retirement.4. The factor that holds back adult children moving back home is______A. fiscal and psychological costsB. adults" unwillingness of growing upC. the disturbing conventional ideasD. the legal constraints of multigenerational households5. What is not the reason for adult moving back home according to researchers of US populations?A. aging grandparents would eschew.B. childbearing without matrimony.C. housing shortages.D. the increasing immigrant population.Very old people do raise moral problems for almost everyone **es in contact with them. Their values—this can"t be repeated too often—are not necessarily our values. **fort, cleanness and order are necessarily the most important things. The social services from time to time find themselves faced with a flat with decaying food covered by small worms, and an old person lying alone on bed, taking no notice of the worms. But is it interfering with personal freedom to insist that they go to live with some of their relatives so that they might be taken better care of ? Some social workers, the ones who clear up the worms, think we are in danger of carrying this concept of personal freedom to the point where serious risks are being taken with the health and safety of the old.Indeed, the old can be easily hurt or harmed. The body is like a car, it needs more mechanical maintenance as it gets older. You can carry **parison right through to the provision of spare parts. But never forget that such operations are painful experiences, however good the results. And at what point should you cease to treat the old body? Is it morally right to try to push off death by pursuing the development of drugs to excite the forgetful old mind and to activate the old body, knowing that it is designed to die? You cannot ask doctors or scientists to decide, because so long as they can see the technical opportunities, they will feel bound to give them a try on the principlethat while there"s life, there"s hope. ?When you talk to the old people, however, you are forced to the conclusion that whether age is happy or unpleasant depends less on money or on health than it does on your ability to have sun.6. It is implied in Paragraph 1 that ______.A. very old people enjoy living with their relativesB. social services have nothing to do with very old peopleC. very old people would like to live alone so that they can have more personal freedomD. very old people are able to keep their rooms very clean7. Some social workers think that ______.A. health and safety are more important than personal freedomB. personal freedom is more important than health and safetyC. old people should keep their rooms cleanD. one should not take the risk of dealing with old people8. In the author"s opinion, ______.A. the human body can"t be compared to a carB. the older a person, the more care he needsC. too much emphasis has been put on old people"s valuesD. it is easy to provide spare parts for old people9. The word "it" in the last paragraph refers to ______.A. the conclusion you **e toB. your talk to the old peopleC. whether age is happy or unpleasantD. one"s money or one"s health10. The author thinks that ______.A. medical decisions for old people should be left to the doctorsB. old people can enjoy a happy life only if they are very richC. the opinion that we should try every means possible to save old people is doubtfulD. it is always morally right to treat old people and push off deathPoseidon sat at his desk, doing figures. The administration of all the waters gave him endless work. He could have had assistants, as many--and he did have very many--but since he took his job very seriously, he would in the end go over all the figures and calculations himself, and thus his assistants were of little help to him. It cannot be said that he enjoyed his work: he did it only because it had been assigned to him; in fact, he had already filed many petitions foras he put it--more cheerful work, but every time the offer of something different was made to him it would turn out that nothing suited him quite as well as his present position. And anyhow it was quite difficult to find something different for him. After all, it was impossible to assign him to a particular sea; aside from the fact that even then the work with figures would not become less but only pettier, the great Poseidon could in any case occupy only an executive position. And when a job away from the water was offered to him he would get sick at the very prospect, his divine breathing would become troubled and his brazen chest began to tremble. Besides, **plaints were not really taken seriously; when one of the mighty is vexatious the appearance of an effort must be made to placate him, even when the case is most hopeless. In actuality a shift of posts was unthinkable for Poseidon--he had been appointed God of the Sea in the beginning, and that he had to remain.What irritated him most-- and it was this that was chiefly responsible for his dissatisfaction with his job--was to hear of the conceptions formed about him: how he was always riding about through the tides with his trident. When all the while he sat here in the depths of the world--ocean, doing figures uninterruptedly, with now and then a trip to Jupiter as the only break in the monotony--a trip, moreover, from which he usually returned in a rage. Thus he had hardly seen the sea--had seen it but quickly in the course of hurried trips to Olympus, and he had never actually traveled around it. He was in the habit of saying that what he was waiting for was the fall of the world; then, probably, a quiet moment would be granted in which, just before the end and having checked the last row of figures, he would be able to make a quick little tour.Poseidon became bored with the sea. He let fall his trident. Silently he sat on the rocky coast and a gull, dazed by his presence, described wavering circles around his head.11. The underlined sentence ("It...him") in the first paragraph suggest that Poseidon regarded his work with______A. resignationB. enthusiasmC. hostilityD. intimidation12. It can be inferred from the author"s description of Poseidon"s routine ("how... in a rage") that______A. Poseidon prefers performing his duties to visiting JupiterB. Poseidon is too busy to familiarize himself with his kingdomC. Poseidon requires silence for the performance of his dutiesD. Poseidon"s dissatisfaction with his job detracts from his efficiency13. According to the passage, Poseidon"s dissatisfaction with his job primarily stems from______A. the constant travel that is required of himB. the lack of seriousness with which **plaints are receivedC. the constantly changing nature of his dutiesD. other"s mistaken notions of his routine14. The author of the passage portrays the god Poseidon as ______A. a dissatisfied bureaucratB. a powerful godC. a discontented vagabondD. a capable accountant15. Poseidon is unable to change occupations for all of the following reasons EXCEPT______A. his appointment as God of the Sea is inherently unchangeableB. he has fallen into disfavor with the gods on Mount OlympusC. he cannot imagine a life away from the waterD. nothing else suits him as well as his present positionPart BDuring the normal development of self, a child is affected by certain influential factors. 1 infants form an attachment with the mother that must undergo a process of separation and individuation. Object relations psychology examines this relationship, which depends on the ability of the child to separate himself from his object, the mother, and realize that he is a separate individual. 2Certainly, affectionate, caring parents are essential as well. As the child begins to develop his sense of self, he must master certain developmental tasks that are part of growing up, such as acquisition of language and toilet training. 34 Since an infant"s relationship with his mother is so important, according to many psychologists, what effect does being separated from the biological mother have on the adopted child?5 But what about a child who is older when he is adopted?6 When he is placed with an adoptive family, he is likely to experience separation anxiety from his foster mother, who can be regarded as symbolically abandoning him as his own biological mother did.7 Now it seems as though he has to start over; his protesting may give way to despair as he yearns for people who used to be in his life. The adoptive family should offer as much affection and security as possible to reassure the child that he is safe, that they are reliable sources of loving care, and that they will help him through this difficult stage.8 Although he may not mind the actual separation from his mother when he goes to playschool or day care, he may become obsessed about the time when his mother is supposed to pick him up at day care or kindergarten; tardiness may provoke fears about car accidents or death.On the other hand, some psychologists believe that a child who is given more affection is sometimes more strongly attached to their parents and therefore more prone to separation anxiety than are some of those who are treated more roughly. 9 On the contrary, the capacity to experience separation anxiety can be regarded as a sign of the healthy personality. 10[A] A safe, loving environment is another **ponent for the development of a healthy self-concept.[B] For infants adopted at birth, the effect may be minimal, for the infant has often had no opportunity to bond with the biological mother.[C] Since such "dependence" in the well-loved child is outgrown and later provides the basis for a stable independence, it would be a mistake to suppose it to be pathological.[D] One of the most important involves his relationship with his mother.[E] What, then, effect does adoption have on the development of a healthy sense of sel~[F] His transition to living in an adoptive home may be difficult as he adjusts to new surroundings and caregivers because, by the age of 18 months, he has already begun to develop a sense of self in relation to others.[G] Despite these actions, sometimes a child may continue to suffer from separation anxiety.[H] Anything that interrupts the development of these important skills may interfere with developing a healthy self-concept.[I] Consider a toddler adopted at the age of 18 months who has lived in the same foster home since birth.[J] An adopted child, then, has at least an average chance of successful individuation, assuming he is adopted by loving parents.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.Part Ⅳ Short Answer QuestionsSurveys have shown that most football and basketball injuries involve the knee, either through twisting or through application of lateral force. Surgery for such injuries has become much simpler with the invention of a thin device containing a fiber optics light that can be inserted into a thin slit in the knee. Repair can be accomplished through this narrow opening. Long-distance runners also suffer knee injuries, but a **mon problem for runners is stress fracture, which is a weakening of the front of the shinbone caused by overuse, with pain and possible bone cracking as the result. Ligament tears are **mon in gymnastics. Almost all these conditions heal with rest. Prevention of injuries depends primarily on good conditioning. Athletes are also protected by the use of better padding materials and of face masks and eye protectors in rough sports.The improper or illegal use of drugs and substances for the temporary improvement of athletic performance in competitions has been a frequent subject of inquiry since the 1960s, when drug misuse by athletes to gain an unfair advantage began to rise dramatically. Anabolic steroids supposedly improve strength and endurance, but they can also have harmful side effects as liver damage. Tests for drugs such as heroin and other stimulants were introduced at the Olympic Games in 1968. Anabolic steroids were not banned until 1974, when a suitable test was developed. The illegality of some drugs has not been accepted by a number of other international and national amateur athletic federations, for reasons including testing uncertainties, doubts about banning certain medicinal substances or common drugs such as caffeine, and simple lack of concern. Controversy has also arisen over the legality of the practice of "blood doping," in which an athlete receives a blood transfusion just before an event. The resulting increase in red blood cells apparently increases the athlete"s aerobic power.1. In addition to knee injuries, what will also heal with rest?2. What does the word "slit" in Pars. 1 most probably mean?3. When were the tests for drugs used at the Olympic Games?4. According to the passage, drug misuse by athletes is considered as ______.5. Controversy arises over the illegality of **mon drugs due to ______.Part Ⅴ Writing1. 大学的功能2. 大学是否实现了目标3. 如何改进。