革兰氏阳性菌
（肺炎链球菌+金黄色葡萄球菌）
14% 0% 10% 20% 检出率
1. Wang J, et al. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2018 Jun;39(6)：701-709. 2. 刘又宁, 等.中华结核和呼吸杂志. 2012; 35 (10) :739-746 3. 刘又宁, 等. 中华结核和呼吸杂志, 2006, 29(1)：3-8.
WHO修订基本药品清单： 抗生素分级，替考拉宁使用优先级高于利奈唑胺
2017年6月世界卫生组织(WHO)修订基本药品清单并进行抗生素分级
可随时用于治疗范围广泛的常见感 染。广泛用于治疗肺炎等感染的抗 生素
可用类
部分β-内酰胺类药物（如阿莫西林） 阿米卡星 庆大霉素 ……
建议用于对少数感染进行一级或二 级治疗的抗生素，以避免耐药性的 进一步发展
约为13%2 ，排在第三位
2008-2010年中国9城市的13家教学医院进行HAP多中心、前瞻性调查研究
鲍曼不动杆菌 铜绿假单胞菌 金黄色葡萄球菌 肺炎克雷伯菌 0%
30% 22% 13% 10% 20% 40% 检出率
肺炎等下呼吸道 感染发生率

我国CAP致病菌中G+占比约为14%3
2003 -2004年中国7个城市12个中心的665例CAP患者并进行病原体检测 一项系统评价和荟萃分析，检索已发表的有关急诊医院医疗机构相 关性感染(HCAIs)患病率的多中心调查研究。纳入文献115篇。
LRSA9
2008年(西班牙)：16株LRSA15 ‐ 引起15例患者感染，6例死亡 2009年(西班牙)：27株LRSE18 2009年(英国)：2株LRSA13
11
LRSA=耐利奈唑胺金葡菌 LRSE=耐利奈唑胺表葡菌
1. Tsiodras S, et al. Linezolid resistance in a clinical isolate of Staphylococcus aureus. Lancet 2001; 358:207-208. 2. Pillai SK, et al. Linezolid Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus: Characterization and Stability of Resistant Phenotype. JID 2002; 186:1603-1607. 3. Peeters MJ, Sarria JC.Clinical characteristics of linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections.Am J Med Sci 2005;330(2):102-4. 4. Roberts SM, et al. Linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in two pediatric patients receiving low-dose linezolid therapy. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2006;25(6):562-4. 5. Brauers J,et al. Surveillance of linezolid resistance in Germany, 2001-2002.Clin Microbiol Infect 2005;11(1):39-46. 6. Wong A, et al. Polyphyletic Emergence of Linezolid-Resistant Staphylococci in the United States. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 2010; 54(2):742-748. 7. Endimiani A, Blackford M, Dasenbrook EC, et al. Emergence of Linezolid-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus after Prolonged Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis Patients in Cleveland, Ohio. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 2011; 55(4):1684-16922. 8. Hentschke M, et al. Emergence of Linezolid Resistance in a Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strain. Infection 2008; 36(1):85-87. 9. Gales AC, et al. Emergence of linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus aureus during treatment of pulmonary infection in a patient with cystic fibrosis. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 2006; 27:300-302. 10. Ikeda-Dantsuji Y, et al. Linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from 2006 through 2008 at six hospitals in Japan. J Infect Chemother 2011;17:45-51. 11. Sanchez García M, et al. Clinical Outbreak of Linezolid-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in an Intensive Care Unit. JAMA 2010; 303(22):2260-2264. 12. Yoshida K,et al. Linezolid-resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated after long-term, repeated use of linezolid. J Infect Chemother 2009;15(6):417-9. 13. Hill RL,et al. Linezolid-resistant ST36 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus associated with prolonged linezolid treatment in two paediatric cystic fibrosis patients. J Antimicrob Chemother 2010; 65:442-445. 14. Hong SB. Co-emergence of linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus Faecium in a patient with methicillin-resistant S. aureus pneumonic sepsis. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease 2011; 69:232-233. 15. Morales G, Picazo JJ, Baos E, et al. Resistance to Linezolid Is Mediated by the cfr Gene in the First Report of an Outbreak of Linezolid-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2010; 50:821-825. 16. 中日友好医院病原菌资料：甲氧西林耐药 金黄色葡萄球菌药敏分析 (2010.9-2011.2). 17. 药小萍, 吴学勇, 翁丽贞等. 耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌感染的流行病学及耐药性研究. 中华医院感染学杂志 2011; 21(16):3483-3485. 18. Seral C, et al. Nosocomial outbreak of methicillin- and linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis associated with catheter-related infections in intensive care unit patients. International Journal of Medical Microbiology 2011; 301:354-358. 19. Thool VU, Bhoosreddy GL, Wadher BJ. Detection of resistance to linezolid in Staphylococcus aureus infecting orthopedic patients.Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2012; 55(3):361-4. 20. Gu B, Kelesidis T, Tsiodras S, et al. The emerging problem of linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2012 Sep 4. [Epub ahead of print] 21. 浙江省医院细菌耐药监测年鉴 (2008年版).P23. 22. 孔海深，张伟丽，杨青等. Mohnarin 2011年度报告：华东地区细菌耐药监测.
G+菌院内感染抗菌治疗探讨
——替考拉宁肺部感染的一线用药
SACN.TEI.18.10.11742 有效期：2020.4.19
该信息仅作医学和科研参考，赛诺菲不建议以任何与您所在国家所批准的处方信息不符的方式使用本产品，本材料仅供医疗卫生专业人士使用
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