2011年在职攻读硕士学位全国联考英语试题PartⅡ Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes, 10 points)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.11. This crime fiction was _______very popular but nobody reads it today.A. onceB. everC. neverD. always12. American woman were ________the right to vote until 1920.A. ignoredB. refusedC. deprivedD. denied13. Experts have _____ with effective measures to prevent the disease from spreading.A. caught upB. put upC. come upD. kept up14. We cannot trust Steve any more because he often ____his duty.A. cancelsB. abandonsC. desertsD. neglects15. In the early 1980s, though Coke was the leading soft drink, it was losing market _______to Pepsi.A. partB. shareC. placeD. ratio16. There is no cure for the disease yet, but these drugs can ______its development.A. break downB. take downC. slow downD. track down17. In the desert, even a small cup of water may be a ______of life or death.A. businessB. matterC. factD. thing18. S he had yet become accustomed ______ the fact that she was a rich woman.A. forB. withC. aboutD. to19. The organization has published a ________ digest of environmental statistics for five years.A. regularB. frequentC. randomD. fixed20. I want to see the old part of the town where the essence of Beijing is best _____.A. observedB. reservedC. preservedD. conserved21. Reporters rushed to the airport after the CNN reported that nine passengers ______by a ―terrorist‖ on the plane.A. were holdingB. holdC. had heldD. were being held22. Not long ______she registered a new number, she received five calls in one day.A. afterwardsB. afterC. agoD. since23. Nice words may win friends, but only one’s good personality can hold ______.A. itB. thoseC. thatD. them24. It was _______ the chief engineer came _______we began the experiment.A. not until ; thatB. not until ; thenC. until ; thatD. until ; when25. About fifty million Americans are active in ________ is called fitness walking.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. something26. We waited for the decision for the whole afternoon, only _______ to return the next day.A. to be toldB. were toldC. being toldD. having been told27. As a result of the work, he found less time than he ______ for his hobbies.A. must have hopedB. had hopedC. should have hopedD. has hoped28. Some of them were well behaved, ________ were insulting.A. and theyB. but theyC. while othersD. as others29. The journalist feels he has a responsibility to ensure ________ the customers are not misled.A. whetherB. so thatC. as ifD. that30. The matter ______, we decided to proceed to the next program on the agenda.A. was settledB. settledC. had been settledD. had settledPart III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes, 40 points)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Passage OneIt happens to us all, however hard we may try to delay the process---we grow old. Surgery may remove wrinkles (皱纹), skin which has become less firm may be tightened by a surgical operation on the face, and hair dressers may dye grey hair a more youthful color. But we cannot remain young forever.Advances in medicine have made it possible for more people to stay alive longer. However what is important is the quality of life, and people age differently. Some people remain quite well and able to look after themselves when they get old. But others of the same age are not so lucky. They have to go into a nursing home in order to receive adequate care.The worst aspect of ageing is that often the mind becomes less alert. As people grow older, they often experience loss of short-term memory, although they may well be able to recall quite easily events that happened long ago. Later they may suffer from dementia (痴呆), a disease which gets gradually worse.By no means all elderly people are in this category. Many senior citizens are in possession of all their faculties and see retirement as a time of freedom. Not only that, if they have a generous retirement pension, they are likely to be quite well off, with money to spend on holidays and other luxuries. Because of this, both businesses and government have a new respect for what is known as grey power.By no means, however, does everyone treat OAPs with respect. There are some cultures which are noted for the great respect with which they treat their old people, but many people in other cultures regard the old as having a very low status in society and treat them accordingly. They often consider old people as having one foot in the grave. Someone should remind them that they, too, will be old one day.31. Elderly people who cannot look after themselves go to ______.A. nursing homesB. residences close to hospitalsC. community centersD. homes of their children32. The worst aspect of ageing is ________.A. inability to look after oneselfB. low retirement pensionC. getting more and more forgetfulD. inadequate medical care33. What is the reason that businesses respect the elderly?A. The elderly are wise.B. The elderly have knowledge.C. The elderly are mentally alert.D. The elderly have spending power.34. ―OAP‖( Para.5 ) most likely means ―_________‖.A. old age programB. old age powerC. old age partyD. old age pensioner35. According to the author, how people treat the elderly relates to _______.A. their occupationsB. their cultural backgroundsC. their education levelsD. the amount of their free timePassage TwoThe swan is mostly silent through its life, unable to sing sweet songs like most other birds, In Ancient times, however, people believed a swan sings the most beautiful song just before it dies. The ancient Greek philosopher Socrates talked of this 2, 300 years ago. Socrates explained that the swan was singing because it was happy. T he bird was happy because it was going to serve the Greek God Apollo. Swans were holy to Apollo, the god of poetry and song.The story of the swan’s last song found a place in the works of other writers, including the early English writers Chaucer and Shakespeare. And the expression ―swan song ‖ has long been a part of the English language. At first, ―swan song ‖ meant the last work of a poet, musician or writer. Now, it means the final effort of any person. Someone’s swan song usually is also considered that person’s finest work.A politi cal expression with a similar meaning is ―the last hurrah‖. The expression may be used to describe a politician’s last campaign, his final attempt to win cheers and votes. The last hurrah also can mean the last acts of a politician, before his term in office ends. Writer Edwin O’Connor made the expression popular in 1956. He wrote a book about the final years in the political life of a long time mayor of Boston. He called his book The Last Hurrah.Some language experts say the expression came from a name given to noisy supporters of Andrew Jackson, America’s seventh president. They cheered hurrah so loudly for Andy Jackson during his presidential campaign that they became known as the hurrah boys.Jackson’s hurrah boys also played a part in the election to choose the next president. Jackson’s choice was his vice president, Martin Van Buren. A newspaper of the time reported that Van Buren was elected president: ―…by the hurrah boys, and those who knew just enough to shout hurrah for Jackson.‖ President Jac kson really heard his last hurrahs in the campaign of the man who would replace him in the White House.36. In ancient times, people believed that a swan sings most beautifully _______.A. before deathB. when is happyC. for ApolloD. in front of other birds37. According to Socrates, swans were __________.A. holy birdsB. happy birdsC. pets of a Greek GodD. in front of other birds38. The English expression ―swan song‖_________.A. was first used by ChaucerB. changed its meaning through timeC. means the best song ever createdD. refers to a work of Shakespeare39. Martin Van Buren _______.A. was the U.S. president before JacksonB. served as the eighth U.S. presidentC. is the author of The Last HurrahD. was a politic al rival of O’Connor40. President Jackson’s last hurrah was to ________.A. express his gratitude to his supportersB. win the final cheers from his supportersC. defeat another candidate in the electionD. help his vice president get electedPassage ThreeThere is no question that academic enterprise has become increasingly global, particularly in the sciences. Nearly three million students now study outside their home countries——a 57% increase in the last decade. Foreign students now dominate many U.S. doctoral programs, accounting for 64% of Ph. Ds in computer science, for example.Faculty members are on the move, too. Half of the world’s top physicists no longer work in their native countries. And major institutions such as New York University are creating branch campuses in the Middle East and Asia. There are now 162satellite campuses worldwide, an increase of 43% in just the past three years.At the same time, growing numbers of traditional source countries for students, from South Korea to Saudi Arabia (沙特阿拉伯), are trying to improve both the quantity and quality of their own degrees, engaging in a fierce and expensive race to recruit students and create worldclass research universities of their own.Such competition has led to considerable hand-writing in the West. During a 2008 campaign stop, for instance, then-candidate Barack Obama expressed alarm about the threat that such academic competition poses to U.S. competitiveness. Such concerns are not limited to the United States. In some countries worries about educational competition and brain drains have led to academic protectionism. India, for instance, places legal and bureaucratic in front of Western universities that want to set up satellite campuses to enroll local students.Perhaps some of the anxiety over the new global academic enterprise is understandable. Particularly in a period of massive economic uncertainty. But educational protectionism is as big a mistake as trade protectionism is. The globalization of higher education should be embraced. not feared——including in the United States. There is every reason to believe that the worldwide competition for human talent, the race to produce innovative research, the push to extend university campuses to multiple countries, and the rush to train talented graduates who can strengthen economics increasingly knowledge –based economics will be good for the United States, as well.41. A feature of the globalization of the academic enterprise is that more students _____.A. study in foreign countriesB. major in computer scienceC. take joint doctoral programsD. return home after studying abroad42. A satellite campus is probably a branch campus that a university sets up _________.A. in developed countriesB. in another countryC inside another university D. on the Internet43. The word ―hand-wringing ‖(Para.4) probably means ―________‖.A. angerB. in another countryC. interestsD. delight44. Academic protectionism is characterized by _____.A. enlarging enrollment of local studentsB. limiting the growth of Ph. D. programsC. creating more satellite campuses abroadD. restricting satellite campuses of foreign universities45. In the last paragraph, the author tries to emphasize that _____.A. the academic enterprise has become globalB. academic competition has led to protectionismC. worries over educational competition are understandableD. educational protectionism cannot be justifiedPassage FourWho says your job leaves you no time to hit the gym? A detailed new study of U. S. physical activity patterns shows that men who work full-time whether their jobs are active or sedentary end up getting more exercise than healthy working –age men without a job.The new study comes from researchers at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), As part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2003, some, 1, 800 working-age adults were asked questions about their lifestyle and work habits, and, most importantly, they then agreed to wear an accelerometer—a device to measure their physical activity — over the course of several days.Those data from the accelerometers provide a rare opportunity to nail down how much activity the typical American actually does.They show that men or women who work in active jobs do more physical activity on weekdays than men or women working in sedentary jobs. That’s perhaps not surprising, but the NIH researchers suggest that it still matters because of an ongoing shift in the economy toward sedentary work.The more surprising finding is the one that compares full-time workers to people who don’t work. The study shows that men with full-time jobs do more physical activity than healthy men without jobs. (―Healthy man, ‖ in this case, were those men wh o said their primary reason for being out of work was something other than health or disability.) In fact, even sedentary fulltime workers performed more weekday physical activity overall than the healthy non-workersThe results looked very different for women. Women in sedentary jobs did less physical activity on weekdays than their healthy non-working peers.So what drives the gender (性别)difference? The study looks at the patterns, and unfortunately can’t provide too much detail about their causes. Th ere could be many possible answers, including, perhaps, different abilities to pay for leisure time activities, or different attitudes about work and physical activity. It could also be that more non-working women than men are choosing to be at home running around full-time after the kids.But the NIH researchers do find evidence, they write, to suggest that, whatever causes the difference, healthy non-working women ―are replacing work with active pursuits whereas ‖ for some reason —―[non-working ]men gen erally are not.‖46. A sedentary job ( Para. 1 ) is one that involves ________.A. staying seated a lotB. intensive concentrationC. moving about a lotD. superb skills47. What is the function of the accelerometers in the study?A. They record people’s physical activities.B. They measure people’s workload.C. They distinguish gender differences.D. They push people to be more active.48. What is a possible reason for non-working women to be physically active?A. They are well-educated.B. Their kids keep them busy.C. They are open-minded.D. Their husbands influence them.49. The study tries to identify________.A. the ongoing economy trendB. evidence for gender differencesC. the American physical activity patternsD. the relation between work and leisure50. Who are the least physically active according to the study?A. Men with sedentary jobs.B. Men with active jobs.C. Healthy women with no jobs.D. Healthy men with no jobs.Part IV Cloze Test (15 minutes, 10 points)Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each numbered blank, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Ants first captured the attention of software engineers in the early 1990s. A single ant cannot do much on its own. But a group of ants 51 can solve complex problems. That inspired people like Marco Dorigo, who is one of the founders of a 52 known as group intelligence.Ants are good at choosing the shortest possible route between a food 53 and their nest. This reminds us of a classic computational travelling-salesman problem. Given a list of cities and their 54 apart, the salesman must find the shortest route needed to visit each city once. As the number of cities 55 , the problem gets more complicated.Ants solve their own problem using chemical signals called pheromones (信息素).When an ant finds food, she takes it back to the nest, 56 a pheromone trail that will attract others. The more ants that 57 the trail, the stronger it becomes. 58 the pheromones evaporate (挥发)quickly, so once all the food has been collected, the trail soon goes cold. This rapid evaporation means long trails are less 59 than short ones, all else being equal. Pheromones thus turn the 60 intelligence of the individual ants into something more powerful.51. A. by the way B. as a wholeC. for some timeD. on the average52. A. field B. profession C. company D. fund53. A. range B. source C. chain D. origin54. A. locations B. positions C. spaces D. distances55. A. changes B. holds C. grows D. decreases56. A. putting aside B. working onC. waiting forD. leaving behind57. A. follow B. lead C. surround D. avoid58. A. Therefore B. Furthermore C. Then D. However59. A. interesting B. important C. attractive D. visible60. A. interrupted B. limited C. considerable D. unreliablePart V Translation (30 minutes, 10 points)Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and put your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.One of the keys to speaking English like a native is the ability to use and understand casual expressions, or idioms, American English is full of idioms. You won’t learn these expressions in a standard textbook. But you will hear them all the time in everyday conversations. You’ll also meet them in books, newspapers, magazines, and TV shows.Idioms add color to the language. Master idioms and your speech will be less awkward, less foreign. You’ll also understan d more of that you read and hear. Often a student of English tries to translate idioms word-for-word, or literally. If you do this, you can end up asking, ‖what could this possibly mean?‖ This is why idioms are difficult: they work as groups of words, not as individual words. If you translate each word on its own, you’ll miss the meaning and in many cases end up with nonsense.Part VI Writing (30 minutes, 15 points)Directions: You are to write in no less than 120 words on the topic of ―What Do I Do to Stay Healthy? ‖. You may base your composition on the Chinese clues given below and put your composition on the ANSWER SHEET.健康的标志是……为了健康，最重要的是要……我个人保持健康的做法是……2011年在职攻读硕士学位全国联考英语试题答案1. CADDB BCDBA11. ADCDB CBDAC21. DBDAC ABCDB31. ACDDB AABBB41. ABBDD AABCD51. DABDC DADCB英译汉参考译文要把英语说得像本族人那么地道，关键之一是能够理解和使用通俗用语或习语。