2015/12/2 Wednesday西安电子科技大学西安电子科技大学§5. 2 同位语从句1、一般情况 （1）公式§5. 2 同位语从句 The latter（后一）form has the advantage that it can be extended（扩展） to complex quantities .+ 某些抽象名词 +the this a/an O no形容词 物主代词that从句[“that”在从句中无词义、无 成分]③ “动宾译法”：这时该“抽象名词” 来自于可带有宾语从句的及物动词。

西安电子科技大学西安电子科技大学§5. 2 同位语从句（2）译法 ① “～ 这一 ……” 的§5. 2 同位语从句 During the past several years, there has been an increasing [a growing] recognition [realization; awareness] within business（商务）and academic（学术的） circles（界）that certain nations have evolved（发展）into information societies .The assumption that β = constant is often made to simplify analysis. R = r is the condition that power delivered（提供）by a given source is a maximum .西安电子科技大学西安电子科技大学§5. 2 同位语从句 Here we have used the definition （定义）that acceleration（加速度）is the rate（速率）of change of velocity .② 这一 ……：～ 以下的§5. 2 同位语从句 The main theoretical development in this decade（十年）has been in the recognition that material properties should be included in analytical models . This is equivalent to a statement that everything is attracted by the earth.This account for（解释）the observation（观察到的情况）that the resistivity of a metal increases with temperature .12015/12/2 Wednesday西安电子科技大学西安电子科技大学§5. 2 同位语从句§5. 2 同位语从句A consequence（结果）of the discovery of electricity was the observation that metals are good conductors while nonmetals are poor conductors .③ “there is every possibility that …” →“完全有可能……”There is every possibility that satisfactory results will be obtained.西安电子科技大学西安电子科技大学§5. 2 同位语从句（3）几个句型： ① “there is evidence that …”→ “有证据表明……”§5. 2 同位语从句2、由名词从句转变成的同位语从句（实 际上在从句前省去了“of;about;on;as to”） ★The question now arises whether this series（级数）converges（收敛）.There is evidence that Ohm’s law applies only to metallic conductors.The reader may have no idea what this symbol stands for.西安电子科技大学西安电子科技大学§5. 2 同位语从句§5. 2 同位语从句② “there is no doubt that …”→ “毫无疑问……”There is no doubt that mercury（水银） is a metal .The users have no guarantee（保证） how long this kind of device will be operating.22015/12/2 Wednesday西安电子科技大学西安电子科技大学§5. 3 名词从句1、一般情况 （1）引导词 ① 连接词：在从句中无成分§5. 3 名词从句（2）采用形式主语“it”的几个句型 ① “it is well known that …”→“众所 周知，……”that → （无词义） whether → “是否” if →“是否”（只能引导宾语从句时用）It is well known that Ohm’s law applies only to metallic conductors.② “it is clear [evident; apparent; obvious] that …” →“显然；很清楚……”西安电子科技大学西安电子科技大学§5. 3 名词从句② 连接代词：在从句中要作某一成 分。

科技文中常用的有： ★ what →“什么”、“……的 [内 容；方向；情况；话；……]”§5. 3 名词从句 It is clear that this equation has two roots（根）.③ “it follows that …”→ “（由此）得出 [到]……；因此……”which → “哪个 [本；枝；……]、哪些”From Ohm’s law it follows that the current is directly proportional to the applied voltage.西安电子科技大学西安电子科技大学§5. 3 名词从句③ 连接副词：在从句中一般作状语§5. 3 名词从句④ “it does not matter …”→ “……是 没有关系的”when → “何时；……的时间” where → “何地；……的地点” why → “为何；…….的理由” how → “如何；……的方式[原理]”It does not matter how the two numbers are added.⑤ “it makes no difference …”→ “……是没有区别的”It makes no difference where the radiation（辐射）comes from.32015/12/2 Wednesday西安电子科技大学西安电子科技大学§5. 3 名词从句（3）以介词开头的主语从句和宾语从句 （≠ 介词宾语从句 [它是介词后的一个完整 句子]）§5. 3 名词从句 It is necessary to find（求出）what that angle is.② “what” 是 一 个 复 合 关 系 代 词 （what = the thing[s] that）：译成“的 [话；情况；内容；东西；原因；方 向；……]”It does not basically make any difference in which direction an NPN transistor is operated（运用）.What I have said above is not necessarily correct.西安电子科技大学西安电子科技大学§5. 3 名词从句 You must determine for what values of x the following series（级数）is convergent（收敛的）.***The potential energy of a body depends upon where we choose the base height（基高）h = 0 to be.§5. 3 名词从句 What this book deals with is very useful. Its actual （ 实 际 的 ） direction is opposite to what has been assumed. Energy is what brings changes to materials. This is close to what has been observed.西安电子科技大学西安电子科技大学§5. 3 名词从句2、“what-从句”（主要在汉译时对 “what”这个词的处理问题） （1）普通情况 ① “what” 是一个疑问代词，译成： “什么；哪个[本；…]”或“多大[表示尺 寸、大小、数值]”§5. 3 名词从句 Gas takes the shape of what is holding （存放）it. What a battery does is to change chemical energy into electrical energy. The turning of the earth on its own axis is what makes the change from day to night .It is necessary to understand what inertia（惯性）is .42015/12/2 Wednesday西安电子科技大学西安电子科技大学§5. 3 名词从句 The particular mix（混合）of these frequencies is what determines the pitch （音调）of a person’s voice. The simplified assumptions do not correspond to what actually takes place in operation.§5. 3 名词从句（2）几个特殊句型的译法 ① “what is called + 补足语”→ 译 成“人们所说的[所称的；所谓的] + 补足 语” 注：“called”可用“named; termed; described as; known as; recognized as; referred to as; spoken of as等”来替代， 它们也可以是主动语态。