指代 在从句中的作用
时间
时间状语
地点 原因
地点状语 原因状语
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Which house is mine?
My house
房顶是棕色的房子是我的。 The house whose roof is brown is mine.
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综合考查一：定语从句关系词
（1）先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如:some , any , every 和no body, thing的合成词；或all，none，any，some， that，those等代词。数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作 先行词。 （2）先行词与关系词是对等关系。必须注意两点：
A. which
B. whose
C. of which D. that
关系代词表示先行词的所属关系，指 人和物时都用whose,可理解为“…的”
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关系副词的用法
关系副词
when (=at/in/on /during which) where (=in/at which) why (=for which)
定语从句
1/24
把两个句子合成一个复合句
{1 The woman is a teacher. 2 The woman lives next door.
The woman who lives next door is a teacher.
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Practise: 1. The boys are from Grade one. The boys are playing basketball. The boyswho/that are playing basketbal are from Grade One.
Which are the problems that you told me last week?
14/24
一、关系词的确定
2. 关系词宜用which而不用that的情况。 （1）在非限制性定语从句中 （2）在关系词前有介词时 （3）当先行词本身是that时，避免重复
15/24
一、关系词的确定
当先行词为way，day，reason，time时，可用that作关系副 词。（非正式场合） I don’t like the way that / in which he talks.
当time作先行词时，关系词可以省掉。 This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French.
（2）无先行词的定语从句用as和which引导。区别： ①意义上：as 含有“这点正如……一样”。 ②位置上：as 从句可置句首，也可在其他位置。
17/24
一、关系词的确定
5. 关系副词when，where，why，that。 when 指时间 = in / at / on / during which where 指地点 = in / at / from which why 指原因 = for which
1 The one million people of the city went to bed as usual that night. 2 The one million people of the city thought little of these events.
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把下列句子分成两层意思: It was heard in Beijing, which is one hundred kilometres away.
中不作任何成分) ② We don’t believe the news that/which he told
us yesterday. (定语从句，that 作told 的宾语)
1. We all have heard the news__t_h_a_t our
team won.
2. We don’t believe the news t_h_a_t/_w_h_i_c_h_
从句都用as 引导。注意区别： ①such … that … 引导结果状语从句。 They are such lovely children that we love them much. ②the same … that … 引导定语从句。 I want to use the same tool that you used just now.
whose作关系词既指人又指物，在从句中作定语。 Do you know Mr. Black whose son is a doctor? There is a room whose windows are broken.
16/24
一、关系词的确定
4. 关系代词as引导定语从句的用法。 （1）先行词被such和the same修饰，或句型as many / much中，
1 It was heard in Beijing. 2 Beijing is one hundred kilometres away.
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• Study the rule:
Attributive Clause（定语从句）
• 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做 定语从句
He is an English teacher who likes singing songs. 先行词 定语从句
①先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词决定。
He is the person who was praised by captain yesterday. ②关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义， 所以在从句中不能重复其意。
Tin
18/24
二、必须注意的几个问题
（1）定语从句中谓语的数。 （2）注意区别定语从句与强调句。
①定语从句中关系词作从句成分，复合句。 ②强调it无意义，that / who不是引导词。 ③it is / was和that / who后如果句子意思讲得通 则是强调句，讲不通则不是。 ➢ It is the factory that we visited last year. (强调句) ➢ It was in the shop that I met Jack. （强调句）
• ---It was in the hotel____ I lived.
• A. that
B. which
• C. where
D. when
综合考查二：定语从句与同位语从句
定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系“…的”。 而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容。与that从句
同位的名词必须是一些表事实或概念的抽象名词， 如fact, news, belief, truth, reply等。that在定语从句中 作成分，可用which 或who/whom代替；而that在同位 语从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用。试比较： ① We all have heard the news that our team won. (同位语从句，that从句表示news的内容，that 在从句
he told us yesterday.
综合考查三：定语从句与状语从句
试比较： ① He left the key where he had been an hour before.
(where引导地点状语从句，相当于in the place where) ② He left the place where he lived for many years.
Beijing.(同位语) ➢ This is the truth that everyone can understand. (定语) （4）关系词在从句中省略的情况。 ①关系词作宾语，前无介词时。 ②关系词作表语。 （5）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的翻译。 （6）关系词前有介词或复杂介词，关系词只能是which和whom。
The boys who/that are from Grade one are playing basketball.
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2. The nurse is kind. The nurse looks after my sister.
The nurse who/that looks after my sister is kind.
引导词
引导词
关系代词 :who﹑whom﹑that﹑which﹑whose
关系副词:where﹑when﹑why
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定语从句的结构：
先行词 + 关系词 + 定语从句 关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that。, as
关系副词：when, where, why（作状语）
Summary 关系代词用法
关系代词
指代
that which who
whom
whose (=of which)
人／物 物 人 人
人／物
在从句中 的作用
主／宾/表 主／宾
主／宾 宾
定
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whose：人/物
Yesterday she talked with one woman __B__ husband died in that accident.
19/24
二、必须注意的几个问题
（3）定语从句与同位语从句的区别。 ①定语从句引导词被称为关系词，that充当主语、宾语、表语。
有时可省略。 ②同位语从句引导词被叫做连词，that不能充当任何成分，不可 省。 ➢ We all know the fact that our manager has been to
3. 关系词who与that指人时，也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词。 （1）当主句是there be句型时，关系词用who。 （2）先行词是anyone，those，someone，everyone，one等词