简单句
【学习目标】掌握简单句的五种基本类型，学会区分不同的句子成分。
【学习重点】简单句的五种类
【学习难点】理解不同的句子成分。
简单句有五种类型：
1、主语 + 不及物动词（S + V）
The sun rises.
He has gone out.
They are working.
2、主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语（S + V + O）
I met him just now.
He speaks English.
I know him.
They are watching TV.
I enjoyed listening to the music.
3、主语 + 连系动词 + 表语（S + V + P）
系动词可分三类：
1.表示特征和存在状态的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound;
2.表示状态延续的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand;
3.表示状态变化的 become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow;
eg:树叶变黄了。
(turn)
4、双宾语句（S + V + IO + DO）
英语中有些及物动词可以带双宾：直接宾语和间接宾语。
直接宾语为物，间接宾语为人。
一般情况下，间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。
若将间宾跟直宾调换，须在指人的间接宾语前加上to或for，意义上没有什么差别。
能带双宾的动词有两类：
1）give, show, send, bring, offer, pay, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, throw, allow, wish, teach, promise, award, owe，refuse 等。
这一类动词后边的两个宾语如调换位置，间接宾语前通常加个to.
He gave us a ball. → He gave a ball to us.
注意这种句型中return 和leave两个词的意义：return作“归还”讲，leave作“留下”讲。
2）make, buy, do, fetch, get, paint, save, reserve, spare, order, cook, sing, find等。
以上这些及物动词后双宾语若调换位置，间接宾语前需加for.
Will you do me a favour? →Will you do a favour for me?
5、复合宾语句（S + V + O + C）
英语中，有些及物动词后面可带一个宾语和一个说明宾语动作或状况的成分——宾语补足语。
宾语和它的补足语合称为复合宾语，含有复合宾语的句子称为复合宾语句。
作宾语补足语的词语主要有不定式、现在分词、过去分词、形容词、名词、介词短语和副词。
宾语和它的补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。
He asked me to come earlier.
I found a child sitting on the grass.
6.There be 句型
说明：此句型是由“there+be+主语+状语”构成，用以表达存在关系可以称“……有……”。
它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际语意。
此句型有时不用be动词，而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等。
如：
There stands a hill in the middle of the park.
练习一：
请辨认出下列句子的句型结构。
1.The sun rises.
2.It’s Sunday today.
3.He gave us a ball.
4.They are watching TV.
5.Mother told her child to get up early.
6.You must always keep your room clean and tidy.
7. I met him just now.
8. We study English everyday.
9. The girls run fast.
10. His face turned red.
11. There goes the bell.
12. There was only a well in the village.
练习二：
阅读下面一篇短文，分析每个句子的结构。
A very new, young officer was at a railway station. He was going to visit his mother. He wanted to telephone her to tell her the time of his train. He looked in all his pockets. But he did not have the coins for the telephone.So he looked around for someone to help him.
There was an old soldier at the station.The young officer asked him for help.。