Acute inflammation is the immediate and early response to injury designed to deliver fluid and leukocytes to sites of injury Phases of acute inflammation Initiation Amplification Termination Core events in acute inflammation Vascular reaction Fluid and cellular exudation
Overview of Inflammation
Inflammation is divided into acute and chronic patterns
Acute inflammation is rapid in onset (seconds or minutes) and is of relatively short duration, lasting for minutes, several hours, or a few days; its main characteristics are the exudation of fluid and plasma proteins (edema) and the emigration of leukocytes, predominantly neutrophils
-- pain, edema, cell injury
Erysipelas of the face Spreading acute inflammation of the dermis and subcutis due to infection by streptococcus pyogenes
Acute inflammation
Acute and Chronic
Inflammation （急性和慢性炎症）
Middle English Old French Latin
enflaumen enflammer inflammare
in-
[ intensive pref. ]
flammare
[ to set on fire ]
flamma [ flame ]
Systemic Effects of Inflammation The diagnostic approach to microorganisms which result from inflammations
Overview of Inflammation
Definition of Inflammation:
In this Chapter:
Chronic Inflammation Chronic Inflammatory cells and Mediators Granulomatous Inflammation
Morphologic Patterns of Chronic Inflammation
Acute inflammation
Cardinal signs of acute inflammation
Cornelius Celsus (ancient Rome) described
Rubor (redness) -- vascular dilation Tumor (swelling) -- inflammatory edema Calor (heat) -- blood flow, metabolism Dolor (pain) -- tension, pressure, mediators Rudolf Virchow added functio laesa (loss of function)
Chronic inflammation is of longer duration and is associated histologically with the presence of lymphocytes and macrophages, the proliferation of blood vessels, fibrosis, and tissue necrosis
Overview of Inflammation Acute Inflammation
Vascular Changes Cellular Events Chemical Mediators in Inflammation Morphologic Patterns of Acute
Inflammation Outcome of Acute Inflammation
Inflammation occurs only in animals with vascular system
It is characterized by the generation of inflammatory mediators and movement of fluid & leukocytes from the blood into extravascular tissues
Briefly, inflammation is the reaction of vascularized living tissue to local injury
Inflammation is a protective response intended to eliminate the initial cause of cell injury as well as the necrotic cells and tissues resulting from the original insult.
Tissue damaged: celon
Cells can regrowth Cells cannot regrowth
Damaging agent persists
Regeneration Healing by repair Chronic inflammation
Restoration of normal Structure and function
Damaging agent persistence Overcome?
Scar formation Loss of specialized Yes
function
No Healing by repair
In this Chapter: