4. Variant clinical manifestation: Acute or insidious onset that may involve virtually any organ in the body, affects principally the skin, kidneys, serosal membranes, joints, and heart
1. Transplant Rejection 2. Hyperactive immunity：
Diseases of Autoimmunity systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) 3. Immunodeficiency: Immunodeficiency syndrom acquired Immunodeficiency syndrom (AIDS)
5. A fairly common disease, a strong (approximately 9 : 1) female preponderance, affecting 1 in 700 women of childbearing age.
Etiology and Pathogenesis
3. Immunologic Factors Intrinsic B-cell hyperactivity was considered a central feature of SLE pathogenesis.
Mostly type III hypersensitivity reaction
Morphology
Diseases of Immunity
（免疫性疾病）
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Overview
Immune system: A Two-edged sword: responsible for defending us against
The fundamental defect in SLE is a failure to maintain self-tolerance.
A large number of autoantibodies is produced that can damage tissues either directly or in the form of immune complex deposits
Diseases of Autoimmunity
Tolerance (unresponsiveness) to self-antigens is a fundamental property of the immune system, breakdown is the basis of autoimmune diseases
Etiology and Pathogenesis
2. Nongenetic Factors (1) Most patients treated with procainamide (普鲁 卡因胺) for more than 6 months develop ANAs (抗 核抗体）and 20% appear SLE. (2) Sex hormones, especially estrogens. (3) Exposure to ultraviolet light.
2. Other Autoantibodies
Antibodies against blood cells Antiphospholipid（磷脂） antibodies
Etiology and Pathogenesis
1. Genetic Factors
(1) There is a high rate of concordance (25%) in monozygotic twins versus dizygotic twins (1% to 3%).
the countless pห้องสมุดไป่ตู้thogenic microbes or tumors hypersensitive or abnormal reaction is the cause of some diseases
The Common Types of the Diseases of Immunity
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
(SLE)
Characteristics:
1. Predominantly in young women.
2. Mainly conducted by humoral immunity.
3. Multiple organs damage, multisystem autoimmune disease
Antibodies include:
1. Antinuclear Antibodies
(1) antibodies to DNA
(2) antibodies to histones
(3) antibodies to nonhistone proteins bound to RNA
(4) antibodies to nucleolar antigens
1. LE body: ANAs attack the damaged cell’s nuclear, the cell lost its chromatin pattern, and become homogeneous, to produce so-called LE body (hematoxylin body). The neutrophil or macrophage that has engulfed the LE body is referred as to LE cell
(2) Family members have an increased risk of developing SLE. And up to 20% of clinically unaffected first-degree relatives may reveal autoantibodies.
(3) Positive association between SLE and polymorphism of HLA-DQ locus.